套种圆叶决明改善茶园生态环境促进茶树生长

针对福建丘陵山地茶园普遍面临的土壤退化,季节性干旱严重、生态组分简单、生态环境恶化等生态问题,结合目前茶园管理模式,以常规清耕茶园(定期锄草)为对照,研究行间套种豆科绿肥闽引圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundifolia ‘minyin’)对茶园温湿度、土壤理化性状、茶树生长等的影响。结果表明:与清耕茶园相比,套种圆叶决明显著提高茶园土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量(P<0.05),其中土壤速效氮含量增加57.78 mg/kg;在夏季高温干旱时期,套种圆叶决明茶园土壤含水量(0~20 cm土层)显著提高(P<0.05),达21.84%,空气温度日变化幅度降低5.1℃,空气湿度日均值显著提高3.9%;同时显著提高夏茶氨基酸及茶水浸出物含量(P<0.05)。茶园套种圆叶决明能有效改善茶园土壤质量及光、温、湿等小气候条件,表明该品种是一种适宜山地茶园推广利用的优良绿肥。

Interplanting Chamaecrista rotundifolia Improves the Ecological Environment of Tea Garden and Promotes the Growth of Tea Trees

In view of the widespread soil degradation, severe seasonal drought, simple ecological composition, and deterioration of the ecological environment in tea gardens in the hilly and mountainous areas of Fujian Province, combined with the current management model of tea gardens, the conventional cultivated tea gardens (regular weeding) are used as a comparison to study the effects of Chamaecrista rotundifolia ‘minyin’ (CR) on temperature and humidity, soil physical and chemical properties, and growth of tea trees. Compared with the tea garden without interplanting, the content of organic matter, rapid nitrogen, and quick-impact phosphorus in the soil of the tea garden with CR significantly increased (P<0.05), among which the quick-impact nitrogen content increased by 57.78 mg/kg. The soil water content with CR was significantly increased by 21.84% (P<0.05) (0-20 cm soil layer) during the high temperature and drought period in summer. The change of daily air temperature reduced by 5.1 ℃, and the daily mean air humidity significantly increased by 3.9%. At the same time, the content of amino acids and tea leachate in the summer tea significantly increased (P<0.05). The results show that the tea garden interplanted with CR can effectively improve the soil quality, light, temperature, humidity and other small climate conditions, and it is an excellent green fertilizer suitable for the promotion and utilization of mountain tea gardens.