中国水土流失现状与动态变化

利用第三次水土流失普查数据,分析了目前我国水土流失总体状况和水蚀、风蚀、冻融侵蚀状况以及东部、中部、西部和东北地区4个经济区域水土流失状况。结合水利部开展的第一、二次全国水土流失普查数据,分析了15年来我国水土流失的动态变化情况和主要河流多年来土壤流失变化状况。研究表明,不论是山区、丘陵区、风沙区还是农村、城市、沿海地区都程度不同地存在着水土流失,水蚀严重地区主要集中于黄河中游地区的山西、陕西、甘肃、内蒙古、宁夏和长江上游的四川、重庆、贵州、云南,风蚀严重地区主要集中在西部地区,我国水土流失总面积在减少,强度在下降。

Present Status and Dynamic Variation of Soil and Water Loss in China

The paper analyzes the present general condition of soil and water loss,status of water erosion,wind erosion,freezing and thawing erosion and soil and water loss status of 4 economic regions of the east,the center,the west and the northeast by using the data of the third general survey of soil and water loss.It analyzes the dynamic variations of soil and water loss in 15 years and the years variations of soil loss of rivers in China combining with the data of the first and second national general survey of soil and water loss which were conducted by the Ministry of Water Resources.The outcomes show that all the areas including mountainous area,hilly area,wind-sand area,urban,rural and coastal areas have soil and water loss in varying degrees.The serious areas of water erosion mainly concentrates in Shanxi,Shaanxi,Gansu,Inner Mongolia,Ningxia which are on the middle reaches of the Yellow River and Sichuan,Chongqing,Guizhou,Yunnan which are on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.The serious areas of wind erosion mainly concentrates in the west.The total area of soil and water loss and intensity in China are decreasing.