硅和白粉病对长豇豆叶片叶绿素荧光参数和抗病相关酶活性的影响

白粉病Sphacerotheca fuliginea（Schlecht．）Poll．是长豇豆Vigna unguiculata ssp．sesquipedlis（L.）Verd．重要的叶部病害，寻找防治白粉病安全有效的方法已成为生产中的重要课题之一。硅对植物抗真菌病害的作用已引起国内外学者的广泛兴趣，可溶性硅的应用为植物抗病性研究提供了一条新的思路和方法。作者研究了硅和接种白粉病菌处理对长豇豆叶片叶绿素荧光参数和抗病相关酶活性的影响，旨在阐明硅提高长豇豆对白粉病抗性的作用机理。

Effects of silicon and powdery mildew on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and activities of disease resistance-related enzymes in leaves of asparagus bean

Malachium aquaticum (L.)Fries is a worst weed in rape fields. The emergence and population dynamics of M.aquaticum in transplanted rape fields was studied by survey of permanent quadrats and random quadrats, and field trials for herbicide screening were further conducted to develop the control strategy. The results showed that M.aquaticum reached the peak of emergence 3 weeks after rape transplanted, and the instant seedling amount was 117.0 plant/m², accounted for 21.71% of its total seedling number (539.0 plant/m²). In mid December, the population of M.aquaticum reached the highest density of 407.8 plant/m² and the cumulative emergence number was 82.19% of its total. This period was the critical time for control of M.aquaticum.Both foliage applied herbicides benazolin-ethyl and soil applied herbicides isoproturon had good control effects on M.aquaticum, the efficacy maintained over 95% 60 days after treatment and they had no side effects on the plant height, pod number and oilseed yield.