昆虫取食和挥发物诱导的杨树叶片中LOX和PAL活性变化

为了探索昆虫取食诱导的木本植物体内所产生的防御反应,以合作杨（Populus simonii×P.pyramidalis,‘Opera8277’）扦插苗为实验材料,经杨扇舟蛾（Clostera anachoreta）幼虫取食后,检测叶片中茉莉酸（jasmonate,JA）途径中的关键酶——脂氧合酶（lipoxygenase,LOX）及苯基丙酸类合成途径中的限速酶——苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL）的活性变化。结果显示,LOX和PAL的活性不仅在虫咬叶片中出现增加,在虫咬叶片上部的系统叶片中也有显著升高,表明茉莉酸途径和苯基丙酸类合成途径被激活,而且防御反应被系统性诱导。并且,与虫咬植株邻近的健康杨树叶片中LOX和PAL的增加表明,杨树间存在由昆虫取食诱导挥发物介导的信息传递。熏蒸实验也证明,茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate,MeJA）能够作为气体信号诱导合作杨植株产生防御反应。

Activities of lipoxygenase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in poplar leaves induced by insect herbivory and volatiles

A study was conducted to explore the defense response in woody plants after insect herbivory. The activities of two enzymes, lipoxygenase (LOX), a key enzyme of jasmonate (JA) pathway, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), a rate-limiting enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway, were measured in the leaves of one-year-old poplar (Populus simonii × P. pyramidalis ‘Opera 8277’) cuttings after Clostera anachoreta larvae attack. The results show that the increased activities of LOX and PAL were found not only in the leaves wounded by C. anachoreta larvae but also in their upper systemic leaves, indicating that JA and phenylpropanoid pathways were activated, and the defense response was stimulated systemically. The increase in LOX and PAL activities in neighboring intact poplar cuttings suggested that there exists the interplant communication between poplar plants mediated by the herbivore-induced volatiles. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was also proved to be an airborne signal to induce defense response in P. simonii × P. pyramidalis ‘Opera 8277’ cuttings.