黄淮麦区不同类型小麦品种抗晚霜冻害研究

目的]了解黄淮麦区不同类型小麦品种抗晚霜冻害的能力。方法]于2006～2007年统计28个不同成熟期、穗型小麦品种遭遇晚霜冻害的伤害率,调查各品种抗晚霜冻害的能力。结果]在相同气候条件下,早熟小麦品种平均伤害率(冻伤率、冻死率)最大,中熟品种次之,晚熟品种最小。各品种各级冻害均有发生,0、1级冻害占很大比重。大穗型小麦品种伤害率最大,中穗型品种次之,多穗型品种最小。1级冻害3种穗型相差不大;2级伤害多穗型最低;3、4级冻害大穗型偏高。冻害程度的轻重和小麦发育时期的早晚呈正相关关系。结论]早熟的大穗品种冻害程度最重,晚熟的中穗品种冻害程度最轻。

Resistance Comparison of Different Types of Wheat Varieties to Late Frostbite in Huanghuai Wheat-producing Area

Objective] The research aimed to understand the resistance of different types of wheat varieties to late frostbite in Huanghuai wheat-producing area.Method] The damage rate of 28 wheat varieties with different mature period and spike types that encountered late frostbite were counted in 2006～2007.And the resistance of each variety to late frostbite was investigated.Result] Under the same climatic conditions,the average damage rate(frostbite rate,cold mortality) early wheat varieties was greatest,followed by middle wheat varieties,and that of late wheat varieties was smallest.Frostbite at different levels occurred in all the varieties,among which the zero and 1st level took a greater proportion.The damage rate of big-spike wheat varieties was greatest,followed by middle-spike varieties and multiple-spike varieties.The 1st-level frostbite had no great difference among 3 spike types.The 2nd-level frostbite of multiple-spike varieties was lowest.And the 3rd and 4th frostbite of multiple-spike varieties was slightly higher.The frostbite degree showed a positive correlation with the developmental period of wheat.Conclusion] The frostbite degree of the early-ripening wheat varieties with big spike was heaviest,while that of late-ripening wheat varieties with middle spike was lightest.