兰花育种及产业化技术研究进展

兰花是世界上重要的观赏花卉，中国十大名花之一，因其独特的花型、丰富的花色而深受世界各国人民喜爱，是国内外花卉研究和市场的热点，其中兰属、蝴蝶兰属、石斛兰属、兜兰属、卡特兰属、文心兰属和万代兰属中的许多品种已发展成为世界知名的 7 大类商品化兰花。介绍了兰花资源收集、保存与鉴评现状；总结了兰花基因组学、功能基因挖掘重要性状分子调控机理以及品种选育的现代育种新技术研究成果；梳理了种苗繁育、设施栽培与开花调控以及病虫害防治等产业化技术的研究进展。同时结合广东省农业科学院环境园艺研究所 35 年来对兰花研究取得的成果，提出观赏点更加多元化、育种目标更加多样化将是今后兰花育种及产业化研究的发展方向。在分子标记辅助、转基因、基因编辑和分子设计育种技术取得突破的条件下，将更加追求幽香、叶花双艺或多艺的育种目标。此外，依托数字化、信息化和智能化农业的发展，将促进兰花产业提质增效和产业化规模进一步扩大。

Research Advances in Orchid Breeding and Industrialization Technology

Orchid is an important ornamental flower in the world. It is also one of the top ten famous flowers in China. It has developed into seven commercialized species, including Cymbidium, Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium, Paphiopedilum, Cattleya, Oncidium and Vanda. Orchid is loved by people all over the world owing to the unique flower patterns and rich colors, and it is also a hot spot of flower researches and market worldwide. This paper introduces the present situation of collection,preservation and evaluation of orchid resources, and summarizes the research achievements of orchid genomics, molecular regulation mechanism of important characters in functional gene mining and new breeding techniques of variety selection. The research progress of industrialization techniques such as seedling breeding, protected cultivation and flowering regulation and pest control are reviewed. At the same time, combined with the achievements of orchid research of the Environmental Horticulture Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the past 35 years, it is pointed out that more diversified ornamental spots and more diversified breeding objectives will be the development direction of orchid breeding and industrialization research in the future. Under the condition of breakthroughs in molecular markerassisted, transgenic, gene editing and molecular design breeding techniques, the breeding goals of delicate fragrance and double or multi-arts of leaf and flower will be pursued. Meanwhile, relying on the development of digital, information-based and intelligent agriculture, the improvement of the quality and efficiency of the orchid industry will be promoted and the scale of industrialization be further expanded.