中国上古时期园林中的植被及其文化意蕴

在中国古代形成园林概念的初期，园中植被以粮食作物为主，且物种较单一，尚不具备观赏性质。降及西周，随着生产力发展并受统治者相关政策的影响，人们已开始用多种经济植被代替粮食作物，并利用布局方式美化园囿景色。春秋至秦汉时期，随着政治制度的不断完善，以及大一统王朝的逐步建立，植被在不同阶层人们的园囿之中表现出来的文化内涵也差异极大。平民阶层的园囿之中仍以经济作物为主，并逐渐植以观赏性植被；贵胄之家则多以自然奇观为蓝本，融入道家与儒家的文化思想建筑园林，并在此基础之上选种植被。此外，从考古以及文献等资料中不难看出，帝王苑囿中的植被凸显出秦汉时期统治阶层大一统思想与神仙思想的盛行。

Vegetation in Ancient Chinese Gardens and Their Cultural Implication

In the early days when the concept of garden was formed in ancient China, the vegetation in the garden was mainly food crops, with relatively limited species, which had no ornamental function. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, with the productivity development and the influence of the relevant policies, people began to replace food crops with a variety of economic vegetation and beautify gardens and parks by means of layout. From the Spring and Autumn period to the Qin and Han dynasties, with the continuous improvement of the political system and the gradual establishment of a unified dynasty, the vegetation in the gardens and parks owned by people from different classes showed great differences in their cultural connotations. The gardens and parks of the common people were still dominated by cash crops with gradually increased ornamental vegetation planted, while the gardens owned by the nobles mostly borrowed the essence of natural wonders to incorporate the cultural thoughts of Taoism and Confucianism into gardens with the selected planting of vegetation. In addition, from archaeological and documentary materials it is easy to see that the vegetation in the imperial garden highlights the prevailing ideology of grand unification and immortals of the ruling class in Qin and Han dynasties.