我国国家公园与自然保护地法律制度衔接研究

我国既有的各类自然保护地存在空间交叉重叠、权责模糊、多头管理等突出问题，成为制约我国生态文明建设的体制难题。建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系，正是国家破解这一难题的制度举措。文中在介绍国家公园与自然保护地概念、分析我国自然保护地现有法律制度存在主要问题的基础上，提出了国家公园与自然保护地法律制度衔接的设想。在国家公园体制建设的过程中，理顺国家公园与既有自然保护地之间的关系，加强国家公园与自然保护地法律制度的衔接显得尤为重要。具体思路为:在宏观政策法律层面，从国家统一立法、提升立法协调性、扩大公众参与等方面提出国家公园体制法律建构的整体设想；在微观制度保障层面，吸纳保护原则、差异原则及衔接原则，建立国家统一自然保护地管理制度。建议以《国家公园法》的制定为契机，统筹考量制定符合我国国情的统领自然空间保护的基本法——《自然保护地法》。

Legal System Leverage for National Parks and Nature Reserves in China

The prominent issues rising in the management of existing nature reserves in China, such as spatial overlapping, vague definition of rights and responsibilities and multi-head management, have become the institutional problem restricting the development of ecological civilization in China. The establishment of a natural reserve system with national parks as the dominant part is right the institutional measure to solve this problem. By introducing the concept of national park and nature reserve and analyzing the main problems in the existing legal system for nature reserve in China, this paper puts forward the idea to leverage the legal systems of national park and nature reserve. In the process of the national park system setup, it is particularly important to streamline the relationship between national parks and the existing nature reserves and strengthen the leverage of their legal system. The specific ideas for the leverage is to have the overall design of the legal system of national park at the macro level of policy and legislation from the aspects of national unified legislation, improvement of legislative coordination and public participation, and to set up the national unified management system of nature reserves at the micro level by following the principles of protection, difference and leverage. It is suggested to formulate the basic law of Nature Reserve Law for the overall protection of natural spaces by taking advantage of the enactment of the National Park Law.