有机固体废弃物生物转化技术研究进展

有机固体废弃物引起的环境污染风险日益增加，好氧堆肥是对有机固体废弃物进行资源化利用的研究热点。微生物是驱动有机固体废弃物进行生物转化的主要分解者，在好氧堆肥中扮演着重要角色。研究有机固体废弃物资源化处理过程中的微生物群落以及相关物质转化的功能基因，对促进有机物矿化、控制氮素流失、减少臭气排放、生产优质有机肥产品实现资源循环利用等具有重要意义。好氧堆肥中的微生物因受其复杂的环境因素的影响而发生变化。近年来，随着分子生物学、高通量测序技术的发展，在好氧堆肥中的微生物多样性及氮硫物质转化等研究方面获得诸多进展。重点阐述了基于好氧堆肥工艺的有机固体废弃物生物转化过程的研究进展，主要包括好氧堆肥过程中的微生物多样性、微生物群落演化机制，以及环境因子对微生物群落结构演化过程的影响机制等方面，为构建生物转化模型，调节好氧堆肥中的生物转化过程及提升有机固体废弃物高效生物转化技术提供科学依据。

Research Progress in Bioconversion Technologies for Organic Solid Waste

The risk of environmental pollution caused by organic solid waste is increasing. Aerobic composting is a hot spot research on the resource utilization of organic solid waste. Microorganisms are the main decomposers that drive the biological transformation of organic solid waste and play an important role in aerobic composting. The study of microbial communities and the functional genes of material transformation in the process of organic solid waste resource treatment is of great significance in promoting organic matter mineralization, controlling nitrogen loss, reducing odor emission, and producing high-quality organic fertilizer products to achieve resource recycling. Microorganisms in aerobic compost are changed by a complex set of environmental factors. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology and highthroughput sequencing technology, many advances have been made in the study of microbial diversity and nitrogen-sulfur material transformation in aerobic composting. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of organic solid waste bioconversion based on aerobic composting technology, which mainly includes microbial diversity in aerobic composting, microbial community evolution mechanism, and the regulation mechanism of environmental factors on the evolution process of microbial community structure. These studies are expected to provide scientific basis for constructing bioconversion models, regulating the bioconversion process in aerobic composting and enhancing the efficient bioconversion technology of organic solid waste.