林木盐胁迫响应机制研究进展

盐胁迫是抑制林木正常生长发育的主要非生物胁迫因子。研究林木盐胁迫响应机理,对于筛选耐盐林木资源和提升盐碱地绿化效率具有重要的现实意义。盐胁迫对林木的正常生长发育产生很多不利影响,主要表现在发育受阻、光合作用受到抑制、离子代谢失衡、细胞膜结构破坏、渗透胁迫和矿质养分吸收受阻等。为了适应盐胁迫,林木在长期进化过程中形成一套完整的抗盐胁迫体系,主要包括诱导抗盐相关基因表达、合成渗透调节物质、提高抗氧化酶活性、对离子的选择性吸收等。在综合分析林木盐胁迫响应机制基础上,提出通过耐盐资源筛选、加入外源物质、提升真菌的协同效应和利用生物技术手段导入抗性基因等是提升林木抗盐胁迫能力的有效途径。

Review on the mechanisms of the response to salinity stress in tress

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses factor that inhibits the normal growth and development of trees. Studying the response mechanism of tress to salt stress has important practical significance for select salt-tolerant tress species resources and improving the afforestation efficiency of saline land. This article briefly describes the adverse effects on the normal growth and development of trees caused by salt stress, which are mainly include developmental inhibition, photosynthesis inhibition, ion metabolism imbalance, destruction of cell membrane structure, osmotic stress and mineral nutrient absorption inhibition. In order to adapt to salt stress, trees have formed a complete salt resistance system in the long-term evolution process, which mainly includes the expression of genes relevant to salt tolerance, the synthesis of osmotic adjustment substances, the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity, and the selective absorption of ions. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the response mechanism of tree under salt stress, it is suggested that the effective ways to improve the salt stress resistance of tress are to select salt tolerant varieties, adding exogenous substances, enhancing the synergistic effect of fungi and using genetic engineering technologies to translate resistance genes are effective ways to enhance the ability of trees to resist salt stress.