美国森林控制火管理研究进展及启示

森林控制火在美国已经逐渐作为一种经济有效的林地管理工具。在森林控制火使用中带有很多不确定性，被认为是一种有效但同时也存在风险的管理工具。公众的争论焦点已经从过去的该不该使用森林控制火，转到如何有效地进行森林控制火的管理及降低使用风险方面。文中介绍了森林控制火使用的起源、在森林控制火实施中可能引起的各类风险，综述了森林控制火管理的涵义，并从法律责任、经济效率和社会文化方面阐述森林控制火管理中的影响因素，并从森林控制火燃烧参数确定、管理方案制定、信息数据库建立及新型管理协会模式构建等方面论述美国森林控制火管理的研究进展，以期为我国森林控制火的管理实践提供借鉴。

Prescribed Forest Fire Research in the United States and Its Enlightenment

Prescribed fire has gradually been used as a cost-effective land management tool in the United States, but it is also thought as a risky tool due to many uncertainties. Public debate has shifted over time from the discussion about whether or not we should utilize prescribed fire, to how to manage prescribed fire efficiently and mitigate risks. This paper describes the historical use and potential risks of prescribed fire, and reviews the connotation of prescribed fire management. Then the influencing factors to prescribed fire management are discussed in terms of legal liability, economic efficiency and social culture, and research progress in prescribed fire management in the United States is reviewed from the aspects of combustion parameter determination, development of management plan, database establishment, and innovative management associations. This review provides valuable insights for the future utilization and practices of prescribed fire in China.