环境CO2浓度增加对玉米生育生理及产量的影响

研究了盆栽玉米在700、600、500和350ppm的CO₂浓度处理下,生育、生理及产量形成的动态变化和反应。结果表明,CO₂浓度增加促进了玉米的生长和发育,物候期提前,光合速率增大,蒸腾系数减少,加快了根、茎、叶等干物质积累,提高了生物产量和经济产量。实验还表明:从苗期、抽雄、吐丝、乳熟到收获的各生育阶段,CO₂浓度对玉米的影响有所不同,以抽雄阶段影响最大;对植株的产量性状影响程度也不一致(穗>茎叶>根),收获指数也随CO₂浓度增加而有所提高。此外,CO₂浓度增加还可增强玉米抗短期高温(>40℃)和低光(常量的1/2)胁迫的能力。

Responses of Growth and Development,Physiology and Yield of Maize to Increasing CO2 Concentration

Dynamic changes and responses of growth and development,physiology and yield result for pot maize were studied by controlling CO₂ concentraion with different levels of 700,600,500 and 350 ppm. The experiments show that increasing CO₂ concentration can promote growth and development of maize,shorten phenophase,enhance photosynthetic rate,decrease evaporation rate,step up biomass accumulation of roots, stems and leaves, and increase biolgical and economic yields. Effects of CO₂ concentration on maize vary in different growth phases. And the effects in the male flower phase are the most. CO₂ concentration effects on characters of plant-growth and yield is also different. Effects of CO₂ concentration on ear flower is greater than on stems and leaves, which is greater than on roots. The harvest index increases with raising CO₂ concentration. In addition,the experiments also show that high CO₂ concentration can enhance the capability of resisting stresses in high temperature and weak light.