环境材料对不同水肥条件下玉米氮磷利用效率的影响

为了探究不同水肥条件下环境材料对作物生长和氮磷利用效率的效应,通过盆栽玉米种植实验采用土壤持水量(A)、氮磷肥(B)、环境材料(C)三因素三水平正交实验设计,研究了高分子保水剂、沸石和腐植酸等环境材料组合对玉米生长和氮磷肥利用效率影响,筛选出作物增产和氮磷肥同步增效的三因素优化组合,并通过土壤肥力和酶活性分析揭示相关效应机理。结果表明,三因素对各项指标影响的主次顺序不同,A和B对玉米生长和氮磷肥利用效率的影响大于C,但C能够促进玉米生长和氮磷肥利用效率的提高,促进土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量的提高以及脲酶、磷酸酶活性的增加;土壤持水量65%~70%,每公斤土施肥1.5 g N、1.13 g P_2O_5,环境材料4.5 g的组合和土壤持水量85%~90%,每公斤土施肥1.5 g N、1.13 g P_2O_5,环境材料9 g的组合,作为提高玉米产量和氮磷肥利用效率的优化组合,在实践中可根据水分情况进行选择。

Effects of environmental materials on NUE and PUE of maize under different water and fertilizer conditions

In order to investigate the synchronous effects of environmental materials on crop growth and fertilizer use efficiencies on nitrogen and phosphorous ,a pot experiment using maize was set up through an orthogonal design employ-ing soil moisture (A ) ,nitrogen and phosphorus use level (B ) ,environmental materials (C ) and their crosstalk .Effects by the combinations of environmental materials including super absorbent polymer , zeolite and fumic acid on maize growth ,nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) ,soil fertility and enzyme activity were ana-lyzed ,allowing the selection of an optimal treatment for improvements of crop yield and fertilizer use efficiency .The re-sults showed that impacts from the three abovementioned factors varied .The impacts of soil moisture (A ) ,and nitrogen and phosphorus use level (B ) on maize growth ,nitrogen use efficiency (NUE ) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE ) were greater than those of environmental materials (C) .Maize growth ,nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) were promoted through the use of environmental materials .Soil fertility and the activities of urease and phosphatase were also improved .Treatment combinations with 65% ~70% soil water content ,1 .5 g N ,1 .13 g P2O5 ,and 4 .5 g environmental materials and also 85% -90% soil water content ,1 .5 g N ,1 .13 g P2O5 ,9 g environ-mental materials were selected as the optimal treatments and could become practical depending on the soil moisture level .