泾惠渠灌区地下水位动态与灌溉农业的关系

基于大量实测资料,运用相关关系分析近50年来灌区地下水位动态和农业种植结构变化的关系等,研究地下水位对灌溉农业和气候条件变化的响应。研究表明:泾惠渠灌区实际灌溉面积从1958—1982年约8.2万hm2减少到1983—2000年约4.87万hm2,同时粮食作物种植比例逐渐从70%上升到95%,近20年来,蔬菜种植面积不断增加,当前已经达到作物种植面积的25%左右;1983年之前,随作物种植面积的增加地下水位变化不大,1983年之后灌区蔬菜播种面积剧增,蔬菜种植面积每增加1万hm2,地下水位降幅为3.5 m;同时地下水位下降还受蒸发强度、工业用水等因素的影响。

Relationship between groundwater level and irrigated agriculture in Jinghuiqu irrigation area of China

Based on actual measurements and meteorological data, by the basic theory of correlation analysis, the paper researched relationship between groundwater dynamic regime and the change of agriculture planting structure and the response of groundwater tables to irrigation farming and climate change in more than 50 years. Jinghuiqu Irrigation design irrigated area decreased from about 82 000 hm² in 1958 to 1982 to about 48 700 hm² in 1983 to 2000, while the proportion of food crops gradually increased from 70 percent to 95 percent, in the past 20 years,vegetable cultivated area are increasing, and has reached about 25% of the crop area currently; prior to 1983, groundwater level changed little with increased, after 1983 vegetable cultivated area had a drastic increase and a 3.5 m decrease in groundwater level for every 10 000 hm² increase in the crop cultivated area. At the same time water-table declines also affected by evaporation intensity, industrial water and other factors.