Dynamics of water and nitrogen stress along the grapevine cycle as affected by cover cropping |
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| Affiliation: | 1. ISARA-Lyon, University of Lyon, Agrapole, 23 rue Baldassini, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France;2. INRA, UMR SYSTEM (CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro), 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France;1. Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;2. INRA, UMR 1065 SAVE, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d''Ornon Cedex, France;3. Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR 1065 SAVE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d''Ornon Cedex, France;4. INRA, UE0999, Unité expérimentale de Pech Rouge, 11430 Gruissan, France;5. United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616, USA;1. Departamento de Riego, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Espinardo, Murcia, Spain;2. CiCYTEX, Área de Viticultura, Gobierno de Extremadura, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain;3. Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, NY State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA;1. Laboratoire d’Amélioration de la Productivité de l’Olivier et la Qualité du Produit, Institut de l’Olivier, Unité Spécialisée de Sousse- Rue Ibn Khaldoun, 4061, Sousse, Tunisie;2. Laboratoire de Biochimie «Nutrition-Aliments Fonctionnels et Santé vasculaire», Faculté de Médecine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisie;3. Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott Mariem, Chott Mariem, Sousse, Tunisie;1. Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;2. Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), CSIC, Dpto. Nutrición Vegetal, Apdo. 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain;1. Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy;2. Department of Automatics, Electrical Engineering and Electronic Technology, Technical University of Cartagena, Campus de la Muralla s/n, Murcia, Cartagena, 30202, Spain;3. Department of Environmental and Territorial Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy;4. Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, USA;1. Viticulture and Enology Research Station of Galicia (EVEGA-INGACAL), Ponte San Clodio s/n, 32428 Leiro, Ourense, Spain;2. Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC-CAR-UR), Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Cover cropping is developing in vineyards as it may induce numerous ecosystem services. However, soil cover also competes with grapevine for soil resources. This work aimed at evaluating both the period and intensity of the resulting water and nitrogen stress experienced by grapevine by comparing treatments with bare soil, permanent and non-permanent soil cover. The adopted stress indices were the Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water (FTSW) and the Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI).Cover cropping improved winter soil water refilling, but the grass transpiration during spring later led to similar water stress of grapevine among treatments. In dry years, summer water stress was not higher with non-permanent cover than with bare soil. The building of a critical nitrogen content curve for grapevine enabled to diagnose an early nitrogen stress, from budbreak to flowering, in cover cropped treatments. NNI dropped then in dry years, particularly in cover cropped treatments.The early growth limitation of grapevine observed in cover cropped treatments was the consequence of mild early nitrogen stress, which suggests that perennial nitrogen reserves were reduced because of an earlier competition with cover crop. After grapevine flowering, water appeared to be the most limiting factor for both grapevine growth and nitrogen availability.In water limited environment, nitrogen stress is highly dependant on water constraints. However, this work reveals the partial uncoupling of the dynamics of water and nitrogen stress during the grapevine cycle in water-limited cropping systems, which highlights the relevance of a co-ordinated management of water and nitrogen. |
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