陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区生态环境建设刍议

陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区总面积447万km2,水土流失极为严重,年输沙量达66亿t。搞好该区生态环境建设的主攻方向应是以小流域为单元,综合治理水土流失,陡坡退耕还林还草,积极发展集流节灌和林果业,稳定解决群众温饱。要客观认识植物措施在生态环境建设中的作用,区别森林与人工造林水保作用的差异。以开发利用水土资源为目标,通过治理为开发创造条件,以开发带动治理,调动农民投入治理的积极性。退耕造林种草要逐步进行,退耕力度应因地制宜,不同部位不同地域要区别对待。

Preliminary Discussion on Ecological Environment Construction in the Gullied Rolling Loess Region in Northern Shaanxi

The gullied rolling loess region in northern Shaanxi is the region of severe soil and water loss with area of 44 700 km 2 and annual sediment production of 660 million tons. The main task to construct ecological environment in the region is to take small watershed as unit, comprehensively harness soil and water loss, replace cultivated farmland on steep slope by reforesting and grass replanting, actively develop water saving irrigation and rainfall collection as well as fruit production, and steadily solve the problem of local peoples food and clothes. Effectiveness of vegetation in ecological environment construction should be objectively understood, and the difference of soil conservation roles of forest and artificial reforestation should be distinguished. Enthusiasm of farmers in investing in soil conservation may mobilized by taking soil and water resource development and utilization as purpose, and through watershed harness to make condition for development and development to lead forward watershed harness. Replacement of cultivated farmland on slope by reforestation and replant of grass should through proceed step by step and according to specific conditions with different measures at different site, location and region.