谷地落叶松林的经营与保护

在黑龙江省伊春市五营区的丽林实验林场,对择伐试验地采用割带秋整春造、小面积皆伐试验地采用人工促进天然更新等措施,对在落叶松林分类中占比重较小但生态地位非常重要的谷地落叶松林的保护进行了研究。结果表明:谷地落叶松林最佳的经营方式为低强度经营择伐或抚育性质的卫生伐。皆伐不宜采用,特别是谷地落叶松林位于冻土区的林分。谷地落叶松林采伐强度应该控制在8%～15%,低强度择伐和常规更新手段,对谷地落叶松林进行经营活动的影响不明显。并指出,绝对禁止面积超过1hm2的皆伐、林下取土或挖掘泥炭等严重影响谷地落叶松林生态系统的行为,为确保谷地落叶松生态系统的稳定性,进行林下的更新是非常必要的。

Protection and Management of Larch Forests in Valley

An experiment was conducted to study the protection of larch forests in valley of Lilin Experiment Forest Farm of Wuying district of Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province by selecting two types of cutting mode. Larch at that region accounts for a small proportion but has an important niche. Site preparation in autumn and afforestation in spring were adopted in selective cutting forestlands, while in clear-cutting forestlands with small areas artificial measures promoting regeneration was adopted. Results showed that the optimal management patterns for larch forests in valley are managing selective cutting with low intensity or improving cutting to the environment in stands. Clear-cutting is not suitable especially for those forests where the soil is frozen, and the cutting intensity for larch forests in valley should be controlled within 8% and 15%. Effects of selective cutting with low intensity and routine regeneration methods on the management of larch forests in valley are not evident. It is also pointed out that clear-cutting over 1 hectare, taking soil or digging turves under canopy should be forbidden. Regeneration under canopy is very necessary in order to ensure the ecosystem stability of larch forests in valley.