我国大豆产能现状分析与提升路径探讨

大豆是重要的粮食和经济作物,是植物蛋白和植物油的主要来源,也是禽畜养殖业的主要饲料蛋白来源。我国作为世界第一大豆消费国,85%的大豆需要依赖进口,对国家粮食安全构成严重威胁。为探讨提升我国大豆产能的路径,振兴大豆产业,保障国家粮食安全提供参考,通过查阅文献与生产实际相结合的方法,针对我国大豆单产水平低、总产量不足,种植面积小、提升空间有限,大豆生产成本高、效益低,种植补贴政策不完善等影响大豆产业发展的问题,提出促进我国大豆产能提升的途径:从产量突破性品种培育、栽培技术改进和高产竞赛方面依靠科技进步提高大豆单产;从东北地区大豆面积恢复、西北地区大豆种植、盐碱地开发利用、大豆玉米带状复合种植推广等方面多渠道扩大大豆种植面积;完善大豆补贴及保险政策;从产教融合上提升人才培养质量,振兴大豆产业。

Analysis on the Current Situation and Improvement Paths of Soybean Production Capacity in China

Soybean is an important food and economic crop, a major source of plant protein, edible oil, and feed protein for the livestock and poultry industry. As the world''s largest soybean consumer, 85% of soybeans in China rely on imports, posing a serious threat on national food security. This article focuses on the development of China''s soybean industry, exploring the paths to enhance China''s soybean production capacity, and providing reference for revitalizing the soybean industry and ensuring national food security. Based on actual production and literature review, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the current situation of soybean production capacity in China, which could be summarized as low level of the unit yield and the insufficient total yield, small planting area and limited space for improvement, high costs and low economic return in soybean production, and the imperfect planting subsidy policies and other issues affecting the development of the soybean industry. Improvement paths for soybean production capacity are proposed with the following aspects included i. e., scientific and technological progress(such as breeding of super high yield varieties, cultivation technology improvement and so on) to increase soybean yield per unit area, expanding soybean planting area through multiple channels(for example, expanding the planting area in the northwest and northeast, developing and utilizing saline-alkali land and promoting soybean and corn belt planting area), soybean subsidies and insurance policies improvement, improving the quality of personnel training from the integration of production and education following by industry and education integration to improve the quality of scientific and technological talent cultivation for the soybean industry to revitalize the soybean industry revitalization.