大泡核桃与圆菠萝核桃在攀枝花的引种迁移适应性

【目的】长期适应性观测与引种的长期适应性研究对经济林大田推广工作至关重要。【方法】以引种的两个核桃品种(大泡核桃和圆菠萝核桃)为研究对象,通过13年的连续观测和调查,分析两个品种在不同海拔位置的生长量指标、核桃坚果表型性状和内含物等指标,研究他们的长期适应性。【结果】两个核桃品种在攀枝花地区两个试验点可正常进入盛果期,但营养生长和生殖生长的物候期与原栽培地有较大不同,表现出较强的花粉集体效应和EPP错失现象。大泡核桃的坚果品质与原产地无显著差异,粗脂肪含量略低于原产地,蛋白质含量略高于原产地。单果仁重和出仁率均比本地核桃“盐源早”显著升高,且壳厚比“盐源早”更薄,但三者产量基本持平。大泡的果形更加硕大,圆菠萝次之,“盐源早”最小。【结论】在攀枝花地区,大泡核桃的综合性状表现海拔1800m段优于2200m段,可以作为低海拔区域的丰产稳产推荐品种。而圆菠萝核桃的综合性状较原产地均低,在攀枝花地区表现为品质劣化的趋向。但引种的2种核桃,多个方面均表现出比本地“盐源早”更好的农艺性状,推广潜力较大。

An Introduction and Migration Adaptability Of Dapao Walnut And Yuanboluo Walnut In Panzhihua

Objective] It is very important that Long-term adaptability observation and long-term adaptability research of introduction exist the field extension of economic forest. Method]Both walnut varieties (Dapao walnut and Yuanboluo walnut) were selected as the research objects. Through 13 years of continuous observation and investigation, the growth index, phenotype traits and inclusions of the two cultivars at different elevations were analyzed to study their long-term adaptability. Results] the two walnut varieties could enter the full fruit stage normally at two experimental sites in Panzhihua area, but the phenological phases of vegetative growth and reproductive growth were quite different from those of the original cultivation sites, showing strong pollen collective effect and EPP miss phenomenon. The nut quality of Dapao walnut was not significantly different from that of origin, the crude fat content was slightly lower than that of origin, and the protein content was slightly higher than that of origin. Conclusion] In Panzhihua area, the comprehensive character of Dapao walnut above 1800m altitude is better than that at 2200m, which can be used as a recommended variety for high yield and stable yield in low altitude area. On the other hand, the comprehensive characters of Yuanboluo walnut were lower than those in the original area, and showed a tendency of quality deterioration in Panzhihua area.