鸽黑素皮质素受体4基因多态性与生长性状及体组成的相关研究

通过比对GenBank中鸡、鹅黑素皮质素受体4（MC4R，melanocortin receptor）基因DNA序列，找出保守序列设计引物，克隆了鸽的MC4R基因编码区985bp序列，与鹅、鸡、短尾猊、北极狐和犬类的同源性分别为94%、94%、91%、84%和84%。利用PCR-SSCP技术和DNA测序方法检测两群体鸽MC4R基因编码区序列的单核苷酸多态性，共检测出两个多态位点，最小二乘分析表明，T933C基因型对肉鸽群体活重、屠体重、全净膛有显著影响（P＜0.05），对野生鸽群体生长性状无影响（P＞0.2），多重比较显示，该位点AA基因型个体的活重、屠体重、全净膛显著高于BB基因型个体（P＜0.05）。MC4R基因可能是影响鸽生长性状和体组成的主效基因或与主效基因相连锁。

Study on the correlation between SNPs of MC4R gene and growth traits & body composition in pigeon

Primers designed according to published literatures and the gene sequences of chicken and goose were used to amplify the coding sequence of MC4R gene (985 bp). The homology of this sequence with other animals (chicken, goose, Monodelphis, Alopex and dog) was 94%, 94%, 91%, 84% and 84% respectively through Blastn of GenBank. SNPs of MC4R gene coding sequence were identified and genotyped by PCR-SSCP analysis and DNA sequencing in two pigeon populations. 2 SNPs were detected in the research and analyzed by the least square analysis, the result showed that the genotype of T933C mutation had significant association with body weight, carcass weight and holo carcass weight（P＜0.05）in meat pigeon but had no association in the wild population（P＞0.2）.The results of multiple comparison revealed that AA birds had significant higher body weight, carcass weight and holo-carcass weight than BB birds. We can putatively draw the conclusion that MC4R gene was the major gene affecting the body weight in pigeon or linked to the certain major gene.