平衡施肥对油用向日葵养分吸收分配规律的影响

为了明确配合施用NPK肥对油用向日葵(油葵)养分吸收分配规律的影响,在河套灌区进行了田间试验。结果表明:增施NPK肥均有增产效果,且氮肥钾肥磷肥;1 kg N、P2O5和K2O分别增产葵花籽2.3、2.7和7.2 kg,施用N、P2O5和K2O养分利用率分别为24.4%、10.5%和50.1%,生产100 kg油葵籽实吸收N、P2O5和K2O分别为5.02、1.62和7.64 kg。干物质和NPK养分积累均表现为前期慢、中期快、后期又慢的"S"生长曲线变化规律,可用阻滞方程y=k/(1+aebx)进行模拟。油葵全株吸收的K最多,N次之,P最少,出苗后70 d是养分从营养器官向生殖器官转移的转折点,收获时N和P主要集中在籽实中,K主要分配在茎秆中。

Effect of Balanced Fertility on the Nutrient Uptake and Distribution Regulation of Oil Sunflower

Field experiment was carried out in Hetao irrigated area of Inner Mongolia to find out the effect of applying nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） fertilizer on the uptake law of sunflower.The results showed that balanced use of NPK significantly increased yield of oil sunflower.N was the first limiting factor followed by K and P.The average agronomic efficiency（AE） of N,P and K was 2.3 kg seed per kg N,2.7 kg seed per kg P2O5 and 7.2 kg seed per kg K2O,respectively.The average nutrient recovery efficiency（RE） was 24.4%,10.5% and 50.1%,respectively.5.02 kg N,1.62 kg P2O5 and 7.64 kg K2O were absorbed by sunflower for producing 100 kg seed.The accumulating rate of NPK and dry matter was slow in early then became fast and was slow in the end,it changed as a S-cure and could be described as the equation y=k/（1＋aebx）.The uptake amount of K was the most and the N was less and the P was the lest.70 days after emergence was a turning point that the nutrient was transferred from vegetative to reproductive organs.The N and P were distributed in the seeds and the K was in stems mainly in maturity.