施肥量和穴内插秧密度对寒地粳稻产量和品质性状的影响

以中熟超高产粳稻品种龙稻5号、晚熟超高产粳稻品种松粳9号和优质晚熟品种五优稻1号为试验材料,研究了施肥量和穴内插秧密度对寒地粳稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,施氮量的增加可以提高高产品种的产量,但导致了优质品种贪青晚熟,降低了优质品种的产量;施氮量的增加可以显著提高蛋白质含量、糙米率和精米率,但也显著降低了稻米的直链淀粉含量和味度值。穴内插秧密度对产量的影响表现为先增加后降低趋势,对稻米品质的影响表现程度不一。施肥量和穴内插秧密度的互作对超高产粳稻品种的产量和品质有影响,对优质品种的蛋白质有影响。从高产和优质的协调考虑,龙稻5号以施纯氮194.90kg/hm²、2棵/穴为宜,松粳9号以施纯氮194.90kg/hm²、4棵/穴为宜,五优稻1号以施纯氮119.94kg/hm²、4棵/穴为宜。

Effects of Seedlings Number per Hill and Fertilizer Application on Grain Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice in Cold Region

A field experiment was conducted at the Xiangfang Experiment and Practice Base of Northeast Agricultural University including three cultivars,Longdao No.5(super-high-yield and middle-maturing cultivar),Songjing No.9(super-high-yield and late-maturing cultivar),Wuyou No.1(high-quality and late-maturing cultivar),to study the effects of seedling number per hill and fertilizer application rate on grain yield and quality of transplanted japonica rice in cold region.The results showed that the yield of high-yield cultivar increased while that of high-quality cultivar decreased,and the protein content increased but the amylose content and taste value decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application.Furthermore,with the increase of seedlings number per hill,the yield increased first and then decreased,and four plants per hill is the optimal density.The yield was influenced by interaction between fertilizer and density significantly,but the quality was not,except for protein content.Therefore,from the perspective of coordination with yield and quality,Longdao No.5 should be transplanted with 2 seedlings per hill and 194.90kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer,Songjing No.9 should be transplanted with 4 seedlings per hill and 194.90kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer,while Wuyou No.1 should be transplanted with 4 seedlings per hill and 119.94kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer.