基于自动监测径流场的秸秆覆盖坡耕地产流产沙过程

设计了一个可用于坡面侵蚀过程研究的自动监测径流场,该径流场主要由6个径流小区和1套模拟降雨装置组成。采用德国UGT径流测量装置,实现地表径流的自动采样和记录。用设计的径流场对秸秆覆盖坡耕地的产流产沙过程进行了研究,结果表明相对于裸露地表,秸秆覆盖能明显降低各径流小区的产流率和产沙率,延缓产流增加趋势,减少产沙总量达54.5%~63.8%。因此,增加坡耕地土壤表面的秸秆覆盖量可有效避免产流在短时间内急剧增加,并能减少对土表的冲刷作用。

Process of Runoff and Sediment Yield in Straw-covered Sloping Fields Based on Automatic Runoff Monitoring Field

The design of an automatic water runoff monitoring field was outlined. It consisted of six runoff plots and a rainfall simulator, which was generally used to study erosive processes in sloping fields. A German-made surface runoff measuring device (Umwelt-Gerate-Technik GmbH, UGT) was used in this runoff field, which effectively improved sampling efficiency and reduced human error through automatic sampling and recording. The effect of straw cover on runoff processes and sediment yield on sloping fields was investigated using this runoff monitoring field. The results demonstrated that the straw cover could significantly decrease the rates of runoff and sediment deposition, and delay the onset of surface runoff and reduce the total amount of soil loss by 54.5%~63.8%. Maximum retention of plant residues as soil cover can effectively avoid sharp increases in runoff and limit water scouring effects. It is significant for alleviating soil erosion in sloping fields.