热塑淀粉Mater-Bi可生物降解地膜的适用性与降解性能研究

通过霉菌侵蚀法、田间考察法和受控掩埋试验法,对Mater-Bi可生物降解地膜在上海郊区的适用性及其生物降解性能进行了研究。结果表明,Mater-Bi可生物降解地膜由于其高达90%的淀粉含量,能够被霉菌等微生物作为碳源所利用,仅需数天,霉菌菌落即可在该膜表面旺盛生长。在上海崇明岛的气候条件下,Mater-Bi可生物降解地膜的诱导期为60～120d,在田间生产中具有良好的适用性,能够满足上海郊区作物生产的需要。Mater-Bi可生物降解地膜能够被崇明岛当地农田土壤中的微生物迅速降解,在土壤中埋藏90d后,失重率为58.6%。其降解速度在10～20cm耕作层土壤中的最快,90d后失重率即高达84.2%。因此种植季结束后,可生物降解地膜不需要人工或机械捡拾残膜,只需翻耕入土壤即可,最佳翻耕深度为10～20cm。

Biodegradability and Applicability of Thermoplastic Starch Biodegradable Mulching Film

This study on biodegradability and applicability of Mater-Bi biodegradable mulching film in Shanghai suburb was determined by fungal-growth test, field observation method and controlled soil-burial test. The results indicated that the Mater-Bi biodegradable film which contained thermoplastic starch as high as 90% could be degraded and used as unique carbon resource by microorganisms such as fungi. And the field observation and evaluation showed the induction period of Mater-Bi was about 60-120 clays in Chongming, Shanghai, which was suitable for local crops. The Mater-Bi degradable film could be degraded by local soil microorganisms. The percentage of weight lost was 58.6% after buried for 90 days. Meanwhile, the 10-20 cm depth layer was the best depth for degradation at 84.2% weight lost percentage. Therefore, biodegradable film could be ploughed in without manual or mechanical picking-up operations at the end of the cultivation cycle. The Mater-Bi biodegradable mulching fihn deserved to popularized in agro-produetion as the substitution of plastic films.