我国NH3-N排放量及空间分布变化初步研究

NH3-N的排放量增加引起了水体富营养化、土壤酸化等一系列环境问题,所以对NH3-N排放情况的研究越来越受到科学家的重视。而有关我国NH3-N排放量历史变化情况,尤其是近20多年来的排放量报道很少。参照已有的各个NH3-N源的排放因子,利用中国农业年鉴统计等数据资料,计算了1980—2005年我国NH3-N排放量。结果表明,1980年,NH3-N排放量为5.50Tg,到2005年达到13.38Tg,增加了143%,年均增长率为5.51%。因使用化学肥料产生的NH3-N排放量最大,约占总排放量的29.4%～47.4%,畜牧业中动物厩舍及其排泄物储存产生的NH3-N排放量居第二位。我国NH3-N排放量空间分布不均匀,主要分布在我国东部河南、山东、江苏、河北以及西南的四川等省,2005年约占总排放量的36.2%。我国NH3-N排放总量的时间变化最大的几个省份分别是黑龙江、天津、河北、河南、山东等,其年均增长在8%以上,而我国的西北和青藏高原地区排放量变化最小,仅为0.44%。

A Preliminary Inventory of NH3-N Emission and Its Temporal and Spatial Distribution of China

NH3 emission is increasingly becoming an environmental concern as it contributes to water eutrophication, soil acidification. Based on NH3-N emission factors and statistical data, we estimated NH3-N emissions from 1980--2005 for China. The total NH3-N emissions was 5.50 Tg in 1980, and amounted to13.38 Tg in 2005, with a total increase of 143% from 1980 to 2005, and an annual growth rate of 5.51%. The use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer was the largest source, contributing 29.4%-47.4% to the total emissions; followed by emissions from livestock excreta during housing and and storage. The spatial distribution of China＇ s NH3-N emissions is uneven. Emissions from the Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei and Sichuan Provinces accounted for about 36.2% of total in 2005. Average annual growth rate of NH3 emission in Heilongjiang, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Shandong Provinces is over 8%, while that in Tibetan is only 0.44%.