规模化猪场沼气工程CDM项目的减排及经济效益分析

以新疆阿克苏某养猪场为案例，利用《气候变化框架公约》清洁发展机制执行理事会批准的方法（ASM III．D），国家发改委提供的计算消耗电能的CO2排放因子参数，分析了利用沼气工程处理猪场粪便及污水和沼气发电替代化石燃料的温室气体减排潜力。结果表明，项目每年可减排温室气体49193t CO2当量，其中改变粪便管理方式减少甲烷排量占项目活动减排总量的89％，沼气发电能源替代避免的CO2排放量占减排总量的11％。项目的实施可使养殖企业每年从减排温室气体中获益502万元，使项目的投资收回年限由原来的11．5a缩短为5a。因此，如果将此类型项目开发为CDM项目，在很大程度上可提高规模化养殖企业建设沼气工程的积极性，并改善养殖企业的周边环境。

Emission Reduction and Financial Analysis of Intensive Swine Farm Using Biogas Digester to Treat Manure and Developed as a CDM Projects

This paper, taking a swine farm in Akesu, Xinjiang as a case, using methodology for small scale CDM project（ ASM III.D-version 14 ） approved by Executive Board（ EB ） of Clean Development Mechanism（ CDM ） under United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the parameters applied for calculating CO2 emission factor of electricity consumption, provided by National Development and Reform Commission（ NDRC ）, analyzed greenhouse gas emission reduction by improving swine manure management and utilizing a biogas power generation system to supply electricity and displace electricity from a grid-based conventional energy source. The baseline scenario of the project was using open lagoon to treat swine manure. The project constructed biogas digester, instead of open lagoon, to treat the swine manure and installed power generation system to produce electricity using biogas. Emission reduction equals total emissions under baseline scenario minus total emissions under project conditions. The emission reduction was estimated to be 49 193 t CO2 equivalent a year. The im- provement of manure management system contributed 89% of the total emission reduction. Energy displacement contributed 11%. The rev- enue from sale of carbon credit would be 5.02 million Yuan a year. The payback period of investment would be 11.5 years if no revenue from carbon credit included. The payback period of investment would be 5 years if the revenue from carbon credit included. Therefore, to develop CDM project in intensive swine farms with the construction of biogas digester at intensive swine farms to treat swine manure and installation of power generation system, can provide positive incentives to livestock farmers and improve the environment nearby.