4种湿地植物的生理性状对人工湿地床设计的影响

野外调查分析了4种常见湿地植物的最长根长,根系体积,植物密度,植株的氮、磷和锌含量等对人工湿地去除污染物、人工湿地设计和人工湿地使用寿命的影响。结果表明,最长根长以美人蕉为最长（43.73cm）,芦苇其次（32.50cm）,黄花鸢尾最短（12.57cm）;根系体积以美人蕉最大（66.72cm^3）,芦苇其次（17.42cm^3）,黄花鸢尾最低（4.70cm^3）;密度以芦苇最高（257株·m^-2）,美人蕉其次（61株·m^-2）,茭白最低（54株·m^-2）;单位面积上芦苇、美人蕉、茭白和黄花鸢尾地上部分生物量分别是4.27、2.12、0.94和0.78kg·m^-2。相应地,单位面积上植物地上部分对氮、磷和锌的吸收量以芦苇最高,美人蕉其次,黄花鸢尾最低。不同植物对人工湿地的使用寿命没有显著影响,但植物的最长根长和密度可作为人工湿地基质深度设计和植物数量配置的依据。

Effects of Physiological Character of Four Wetland Plants on Design of the Constructed Wetland Bed

Plants play an important role in the constructed wetlands to purify wastewater, which have an important function, such as uptake directly nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P）and heavy metal, enhancing filter coefficient of constructed wetlands, and improvement the microbial activity and the dissolved oxygen content in rhizosphere. In order to research the function of wetland plants in constructed wetland, four wetland plants in the field were collected to investigate physiological Character including the maximum root length, the root volume, the plant density, concentration of N, P and zinc. The effects of wetland plants species on lifetime of constructed wetland were also analyzed. Results showed that the root length of Canna indica Lian was the longest （ 43.73 cm ）, followed by Phragmites australis （ 32.50 cm ）, and that of Iris pseudacorus Linn was the shortest（ 12.57 cm ）. The ranking order of the root volume for the four wetland plant：Canna indic a Linn〉Phragmites australis〉Zizania cedu Ci.flora Turez〉lris pseudacorus Linn. The plant density of four wetland plants species followed the order of Phragmites australis 〉Canna indica Linn〉lris pseudacorus Linn〉Zizania cedu Ciflora Turez. The above ground biomass of Phragmites australis, Canna in- dica Linn, Zizania ceduCiflora Turez and Iris pseudacorus Linn were 4.27, 2.12, 0.94 and 0.78 kg.m^-2, respectively. The content of N, P and zinc accumulated by the above ground plant of four wetland plants could be summarized as followed ：Phragmites australis 〉Canna indica Linn〉Zizania cedu Ciflora Turez〉lris pseudacorus Linn. The effects of wetland plants species on lifetime of the constructed wetland were not significant difference, but the maximum root length and root volume could be two important parameters to design the constructed wetland.