滦河流域不同时空水环境重金属污染健康风险评价

通过现场采样及室内分析方法，对滦河干流和主要支流的水体中As、Cd、Pb、Hg和Cu的浓度进行了调查研究，并应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对其所引起的健康风险作了初步评价。结果表明，重金属的平均浓度范围分别为As：0.340-2.753 μg·L^-1，Cd：1.120-4.474 μg·L^-1，Pb：11.610-19.088 μg·L^-1，Hg：0.036-0.239 μg·L^-1和Cu：1.058-5.807 μg·L^-1。致癌物As和Cd对人体健康危害的个人年均风险均未超过国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受风险水平（5×10^-5·a^-1），其中As大于Cd，最大在三道河子为1.85×10^-5·a^-1。非致癌物的个人年均风险为Pb〉Hg〉Cu，三者风险水平在10^-9-10^-10之间，均低于ICRP标准4-5个数量级。化学致癌物对人体健康危害的个人年均风险远远超过非致癌物的年风险。不同年代的As个人年均风险变化分析结果表明，1985年到1990年，乌龙矶和潘家口大黑汀水库区域出现了异常升高，在燕子峪最大达到2.80×10^-4·a^-1，其他断面均呈现逐年降低趋势，到2008年已全部低于ICRP标准。

Health Risk Assessment on Heavy Metal Pollution in the Water Environment of Luan River

Concentrations of the As, Cd, Pb, Hg and Cu in water samples from 23 sanipling points in the water environment of Luan River and its main tributaries were studied. Health risk assessment associated with these five metals were conducted using health risk assessment model from US EPA. Results showed that the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Cu in Luan River were 0.340-2.753 μg·L^-1, 1.120-4.474, μg·L^-1, 11.610-19.088μg·L^-1, 0.036-0.239 μg·L^-1 and 1.058-5.807 μg·L^-1, respectively. Among the health risks caused by the carcinogens in water, the highest risk associated with As located fit Sandaohezi（ 1.85×10^-5·a^-1） and that with Cd located at Jianggezhuang （ 1.22×10^-5·a^-1）, while both were lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP （5×10^-5·a^-1）. The health risk to the individual person per year in terms of carcinogens through drinking cause by As is higher than Cd. Among the non-carcinogenic risks, the highest risk was the risk associated with Pb, followed by Hg, and then Cu. The non-carcinogenic risks ranged from 10^-9 to 10^-10, much lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP. The health risk of carcinogens was much higher than that of non-carcinogens. The results of different risk analysis over years indicated that in the sites which were higher than the standard value recommended by ICRP had decreased from 1985 to 1990, except for the Wulongji and Panjiakou-Daheiting reservoir system which presented abnormal growth. In 2008, health risks at all sites decreased lower than the ICRP standard.