畜禽粪便堆肥腐熟度评价指标体系研究

以牛粪和猪粪两种畜禽粪便分别与秸秆混合堆肥,全面考察了堆肥过程中与腐熟度有关的理化指标和生物指标变化。结果表明,在3个月的堆肥熟化试验考察期内,堆肥初期堆体升温迅速,50℃以上高温持续时间累计超过15d;物料pH值先升后降,60d后稳定在8.0左右;含水率和C/N持续下降,C/N60d后接近20;氨氮含量呈先升后降趋势,胡敏酸和富里酸比值则先降后升;Solvita腐熟等级、种子发芽势和根系建成指标不断升高,而作物生长指标则无显著变化。由腐熟度指标相关性分析表明,最能体现堆肥腐熟程度的Solvita腐熟等级与C/N、种子发芽势、根系建成指标呈高度相关,与含水率和腐殖酸呈低度相关。据此,结合常规温度指标建立了堆肥腐熟度评价指标体系,用于科学指导农牧业废弃物堆肥质量控制。

An Index System for Evaluating the Maturity of Animal Manure Composting

Under aerobic conditions in a climate chamber, high temperature eomposting of dairy and swine manures with crop straws were studied to determine the variation of maturity indexes of the eomposting, including physical, chemical and biological indexes. The results indicated that：the temperature rosed rapidly, and lasted for more than 15 d over 50℃; the pH values had a rise followed by a drop, and stayed stable at around 8.0 after 60 d; the moisture and C/N ratio dropped, and the C/N ratio was close to 20 after 60 d; the NH3-N content had experieneed from increase to decrease, while the HA/FA ratio was opposite, from decrease to increase; the Solvita maturity degree, germination index and root establishment index all increased during the eomposting; the growth index had no significant change. The correlation analysis among maturity indexes showed that, the Solvita maturity degree, which was the best representative of eomposting maturity, was highly correlated with C/N ratio, GI, root establishment index, and slightly correlated with moisture and humie acids. Therefore, the index system for evaluating the maturity of animal manure eomposting was established together with the regular index of temperature based on the results from this study.