我国种植业无公害农产品产地环境标准特征分析

根据有关文献资料，从基本架构、指标体系、指标限制条件、指标标准值等方面比较分析了我国无公害农产品产地环境标准的基本特征。结果如下：（1）我国无公害农产品产地环境标准体系包括通则类和细则类标准，通则类标准冠名为“XX准则（或规范）”，细则类标准冠名为“XX产地环境条件”，而且包括空气、灌溉水、土壤3个方面。（2）现有细则类标准覆盖了大多数种植业农产品，但经济作物类目前尚无相应的产地环境标准可依。（3）不同农产品标准相互之间存在“指标名称不一致”、“同一指标的单位不一致”、“相同指标数据精确度要求不一致”等几个方面的不协调。（4）不同农产品的环境指标体系差异较大，对指标的要求程度也不尽相同，总体而言，空气环境质量涉及二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氟化物和总悬浮颗粒物4项指标，灌溉水环境标准涉及重金属、有机化合物、无机化合物、微生物以及pH共15项指标，土壤环境标准涉及6项重金属、2项有机化合物指标。（5）产地空气环境标准受检测时限“日平均”、“1 h平均”限制，土壤环境标准受土壤“pH值域”限制。（6）产地环境指标以数值描述为主，不同农产品标准值在数值大小和精确度

Analysis of Characteristics of Environmental Standard for Nuisanceless Agro-Food Area

In this paper, the characteristics of the nuisanceless agro-food Area Environmental Standard was analysised, emphatically con- cerning basic frame, index system, restrictive factors of the index and index threshold. The results showed ： （ 1 ）The Nuisanceless agro-food Environmental Standard system included general rules and detailed rules. The general rule named as＂xx Rule＂or ＂xx Criterion＂. The detailed rule including air, water and soil standard named as＂xx Environmental Standard＂. （2）The current detailed rules had covered great majority farming agricultural products, but the standard of economy crop had not been set up. （ 3 ）There were several inconsistencies between the standards of different agro-food, e.g. the appellation of index, the unit of the same index and precision of index. （4）There were differences in the index-system of agro-food, the degree of index requirement was varied. In general, there were 4 indices in air standard, including S02, NO2, F and TSP, 15 indices in water standard, including heavy metals, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, microbe and pH value, six heavy metal indices and two organic compound indices in soil standard. （ 5 ）The air standard was restricted by inspection time limit, which including ＂day average＂ and ＂1 h average＂. The soil standard was restricted by the pH of soil. （6）The indices of environment standard were generally expressed by numerical value, depending on the degree of magnitude and precision of indices.