秋子梨野生种和部分栽培品种交配亲和性研究

以秋子梨(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.)为试材,进行了花粉育性和交配亲和性研究。结果表明,参试的32份资源中有53%为雄性不育类型,可育品种间的花粉生活力存在明显差异,人工催花的花粉生活力低于自然开花,但对授粉结实无显著影响。南果梨、苹香梨、寒香梨等大部分栽培品种及山梨5个株系(野生秋子梨)都表现为自交不亲和。红花盖梨花期自交能够结实,但所结果实的种子不正常,为假亲和。龙香梨有一定自交结实力,花期人工自交花序坐果率达23.3%。部分具有自交不亲和性的梨品种蕾期自交授粉可提高结实率,但盛花后期授粉无显著影响。梨子代品种与亲代间互交,大部分组合表现亲和。南果梨×寒红梨组合交配亲和,但反交不亲和。梨同一类型不同品种间杂交结实正常,但亲本与其芽变品种间交配不亲和。

Study on the pollination compatibility among the wild types and cultivars of Pyrus ussuriensis

A total of 32 materials of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim were used for studying their pollination compatibility.Results showed about 53% percent of them were male sterile.The difference of pollen viability in normal cultivars was remarkable.The viability of the pollen collected from the cultivars grown in greenhouse was less than that collected from the field.Nanguoli,Pingxiangli,Hanxiangli and so on,nearly all of cultivars and wild types were self-incompatibility,except Honghuagai cultivar which could bear fruit after self-pollination,without normal seeds in these fruit.Longxiang cultivar had some self-compatibility.Pollination at pre-flowering stage could improve the bearing rate of some cultivars of self-incompatibility,but no effect noticed doing it 3 days after flowering.Crosses made between the maternal cultivars and their F1 generation pedigree appeared mostly compatible.The crossing compatibility between Nanguoli and Hanhongli exhibited unilateralism,but no bearing was observed in Hanhongli × Nanguoli.It was believed that it might be related with S gene of parentage cultivars.Crosses made between bud mutation cultivars and female parentage were incompatible.It is concluded that P.ussuriensis Maxim have the characteristic of SI,the bearing rate of self pollination of part cultivars and wild types could be improved by self crossing at pre-blossom stage,and pollination between bud mutation cultivars and female parentage couldn’t be bearing.