测土配方施肥项目生命周期环境效益评价—以聊城市玉米为例

采用生命周期分析方法系统评估测土配方施肥行动的直接与间接环境效益，为深入实施该项目提供依据。以山东省聊城市玉米测土配方施肥项目为例，对玉米施肥生命周期资源消耗与污染物排放进行清单分析，并以习惯施肥区为参照对象评估其实现的净资源节约与污染物减排效益。结果表明，2006~2009年聊城市测土配方施肥项目显著减少了玉米生命周期资源消耗与污染物排放量。通过测土配方施肥，1 t 玉米生命周期实现的富营养化和环境酸化的减缓潜力分别相当于2000年世界人均影响潜力的20%~34%和5%~15%。环境总效益呈逐年下降趋势，这是由于习惯施肥与测土配方施肥的差距越来越小，农民肥料投入趋于理性，表明测土配方施肥通过示范起到了较好的辐射推广作用。

Life cycle analysis of environmental benefits through demonstration of the soil testing and formula fertilization project —A case study in maize production in Liaocheng City,Shandong Province

The profit analysis over the whole process from fertilizer manufacture to field use (a life cycle) can provide more comprehensive environmental profile of the Soil Testing & Formulated Fertilization Project,  including its direct and indirect benefits. In this paper,  a life cycle analysis in energy consumption,  farmland occupation and the emission of greenhouse gases was carried out taking maize production as a case in Liaocheng City,  and the environmental benefits through the demonstration of the Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Project were assessed comprehensively. The results reveal that the resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during maize production are significantly reduced in the project demonstration area from 2006 to 2009. The life cycle eutrophication and acidification effect in the reduction potential per ton of maize under the Soil Testing & Formulated Fertilization account for 20%-34% and 5%-15% of the relevant environmental impact potentials per capita in the world in 2000 respectively. The total environmental benefits show a decline trend for the gap of fertilizer intensity between the conventional fertilization and the Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization. Farmer’s fertilization behavior tends to be rational,  and the Soil Testing and formulated fertilization shows its demonstration and extension role.