瑞典森林产权制度演变历程回顾与启示

瑞典为林业发达国家, 森林产权制度健全完整, 对于优化我国集体林权制度具有一定启示价值。文中基于英文文献, 分析了瑞典森林、林地等土地私有制形成的动因及制度, 木材需求变化时期由于林主、林业产业、林业工会等不同利益方的博弈而引起的森林产权制度演变, 以及环境保护运动兴起后森林产权制度再次发生的演变。瑞典森林产权制度演变的历程表明, 森林产权制度作为一项对森林资源利益关系进行调整的基本经济规则, 其演变具有可持续性和动态性, 完善与健全法律和法规制度是固化产权制度改革成效的根本措施。

Evolvement Process of Swedish Forest Property System and Its Implication

As one of forestry developed nations, Sweden is featured by a stable and complete forest property system, which has some implications for improving collective forest tenure in China. Based on English literatures, this paper analyzed the reasons for the formulation of private forest/forest land system in Sweden at the beginning. It was then discussed that the forest property system had been changed after the emerging of environment movement. The evolvement process of forest property system in Sweden reveals that the forest property system is a fundamental economic rule on adjusting interest relationship on forest resource, and therefore its evolvement has the feature of consistency and dynamisms. It can be concluded that laws and regulation improvement is essential for stable tenure reform performance.