日本国立公园发展、体系与特点

截至2010年日本国立公园与国定公园(准国立公园)共有85处, 占日本国土面积9.1%。国立公园保护着日本最重要的自然风景资源, 也是最重要的度假休闲地。了解日本国立公园管理体系对建设我国森林公园具有启示意义。文中梳理了日本国立公园产生、发展的脉络, 以及国立公园和国定公园的基本状况; 概述了国立公园的规划体系、管理体系和保护分区, 并指出日本国立公园的基本特点是风景资源复杂多样、内部土地权属复杂、地域制自然公园管理制度和保护体系的基础在于多方协作; 提出借鉴日本国立公园的经验, 我国森林公园建设应建立协作体制, 进一步完善规划体系, 在市域绿地系统规划中统筹考虑功能与布局。

Evolvement, System and Characteristics of National Park in Japan

By 2010, there had been a total of 85 national parks in Japan, accounting for 9.1% of the land area of Japan. The national parks protect the most important landscape resources, at the same time as the most important leisure resorts in Japan. The knowledge of the management system implemented in Japan's national parks will give enlightenment to China's building of forest parks. This paper combed the development and evolvement history and present situation of Japan's national parks, and overviewed the planning system, management system and protection zoning. It was pointed out that national parks in Japan are characterized with diverse landscape resources, complex land tenure and ownership structure, and multi-party collaboration to manage and protect. Finally, it is proposed that, by learning Japan's experience of developing national parks, China should establish collaborative mechanism, improve planning system and consider urban green space's function and layout in its building of forest parks.