国内外保护区管理有效性评价方法比较

评价保护区的管理有效性是当前自然保护区学研究的热点和重点, 其目标在于发现管理不足、识别管理威胁、提出改进建议等。文中比较了6种国际上广泛应用的和3种我国现有的评价方法。其中国际上的评价方法多是基于世界保护区委员会提出的框架构建。“保护区管理快速评价和优先性确定方法”、“管理有效性跟踪工具”是目前在全球应用最广泛的2种方法, 可以实现快速识别管理威胁并进行动态跟踪。我国有2种评价方法采用指标分级打分的形式, 其中“国家级自然保护区管理工作评估”已应用到各类自然保护区的管理评价中。此外, 将森林认证引入管理有效性评价是我国研究者的一项创新。发挥认证的优势将对未来我国自然保护区的规范管理和改进提升发挥重要作用。

Comparative Study of Methodologies for Management Effectiveness Evaluation of Protected Areas in China and Overseas

Management effectiveness evaluation of protected areas has been a hot and focused issue in the research on nature reserve. The objectives of management effectiveness evaluation (MEE) are to discover shortcomings, identify threats, and propose suggestions. In this paper, 6 international and 3 Chinese methodologies were compared. International methodologies are mostly based on the framework developed by the World Commission on Protected Areas. The most widely applied two methodologies, which can identify management threats rapidly and track the dynamics of effectiveness, are the Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Area Management and the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool. In China, two methodologies take indicator-scoring approach, while the Management Evaluation for National Nature Reserves is the primary implementing methodology. Furthermore, Chinese scientists innovatively introduce forest certification into MEE, which will bring great benefits to regulate and improve the future nature reserves management.