不同土壤类型烟叶组织结构及化学成分的差异比较

为探寻广东南雄紫色土、沙泥田、牛肝土田3种土壤类型上所种烤烟香气风格差异的原因，以粤烟98的中部叶为试验材料，对烟叶生长发育过程中的组织结构、烤后烟叶主要生物碱及常规化合物等化学成分进行了对比分析。结果表明，紫色土上所种烤烟栅栏组织开始快速增厚的时期较早，沙泥田上所种烤烟栅栏组织前期增厚较快而后期较慢，牛肝土田烟叶栅栏组织、海绵组织和叶片厚度均最大，但在前期生长较慢。烟叶烤后（C3F）总糖、还原糖的含量均以沙泥田最高，牛肝土田次之，紫色土最低；而糖碱比则相反。沙泥田上所种烟叶烤后新烟碱含量最高，假木贼碱含量最低；牛肝土田上所得烤烟降烟碱含量最高，新烟碱含量最低；紫色土上烤烟的降烟碱含量最低，而假木贼碱和烟碱含量最高，适于生产优良浓香型香烟。

Comparison of leaf tissue structure and chemical composition of taboccos cultivated in different soil types

explore the reasons for the varied aroma among 3 kinds of flue|cured tobaccos cultivated in different soil types in Nanxiong， namely purple soil， sandy paddy soil and cows liver soil， the tissue structure during plant growth， contents of major alkaloids and routine compounds in the middle leaves of flue|cured tobacco Yueyan 98 were compared. It was shown that the palisade tissue of tobacco cultivated in purple soil became thicker earlier than the others. The palisade tissue thickened fast first and then turned slowly for tobaccos in sandy paddy soil. Tobaccos grown in cows liver soil showed the highest thickness of palisade tissue， sponge tissue and leaf at maturity， although the increase initiated rather late. In the flue|cured tobacco leaves （C3F）， the content of total sugar and reducing sugar decreased as the order sandy paddy soil > cows liver soil > purple soil， while the ratio of sugar to nicotine was the contrary. Tobaccos in sandy paddy soil possessed the highest anatabine content and the lowest anabasine， while， the highest nornicotine content and the lowest anatabine was shown in tobaccos in cows liver soil. Compared with the others， tobaccos cultivated in purple soil exhibited the lowest nornicotine yet the highest anabasine and the nicotine content， and therefore was suitable for the production of flue|cured tobacco with strong fragrance.