中国哈萨克斯坦小麦生产比较分析

[目的]根据联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO)提供的统计数据作为数据分析源,比较两国小麦生产的差异。[方法]从小麦种植面积、单产、总产等方面分析中哈两国小麦产业的概况。[结果]中国小麦种植面积从1992年开始波动减少,2004年达到最低的2162.06×104 ^hm2^,2004以后种植面积小幅增加并呈现平稳态势；哈萨克斯坦小麦种植面积出现波动,整体趋于稳定。中国小麦单产从1992年开始波动中渐序提高,单产增加显著；哈萨克斯坦小麦单产虽有波动但整体比较平稳,未有明显提升。中国小麦总产从1992年开始在波动变化中基本表现为先增加后降低再增加的趋势,2021年总产达到最高的1369.47×104 ^t,较于1992年总产增加了34.80%；哈萨克斯坦小麦总产从1992年的182.84×104 ^t开始波动减少,2021年总产比1992年减少64.7×104 ^t,整体呈现总产减少并趋于稳定的态势。1992年～2021年中国小麦种植面积是哈萨克斯坦1.70～3.30倍,1992年～2021年中国小麦单产比哈萨克斯坦多出1998.80～4881.80 kg/hm2^,平均单产增加3488.89 kg/hm2^,1992年～2021年中国小麦平均总产是哈萨克斯坦的10.06倍。[结论]中国小麦种植面积、单产、总产显著高于哈萨克斯坦。中国小麦总产的提高主要来源于单产的增加。中国小麦生产相关技术实践,可为哈萨克斯坦小麦生产提供参考。

Comparative Analysis of Wheat Production in China and Kazakhstan

[Objective] Based on the statistical data provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as the data analysis source, to compare the differences in wheat production between the two countries. [Method] Analyze the overview of the wheat industry in China and Kazakhstan from the aspects of wheat planting area, unit yield, total yield, etc. [Result] The wheat planting area in China has fluctuated and decreased since 1992, reaching the lowest level of 2162.06×104 ^hm2 ^{in 2004}, After 2004, the planting area increased slightly and showed a stable trend; The wheat planting area in Kazakhstan fluctuates and tends to stabilize overall. The yield of wheat in China has been fluctuating and gradually increasing since 1992, with a significant increase in yield; Although the wheat yield per unit area in Kazakhstan has fluctuated, it is relatively stable overall and has not significantly improved. The total wheat production in China has been fluctuating since 1992, showing a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, and then increasing. In 2021, the total production reached its highest level of 1369.47×10⁴ tons, an increase of 34.80% compared to the total production in 1992; The total wheat production in Kazakhstan increased from 182.84 in 1992×10⁴ tons began to fluctuate and decrease, with a 64.7 decrease in total production in 2021 compared to 1992×10⁴ tons, overall showing a trend of decreasing and stabilizing total production. From 1992 to 2021, the wheat planting area in China was 1.70-3.30 times that of Kazakhstan. From 1992 to 2021, the wheat yield per unit area in China was 1998.80-4881.80 kg/hm² higher than that in Kazakhstan, with an average increase of 3488.89 kg/hm². From 1992 to 2021, the average total wheat yield in China was 10.06 times that of Kazakhstan. [Conclusion] The wheat planting area, yield per unit area, and total yield in China are significantly higher than those in Kazakhstan. The increase in total wheat production in China mainly comes from an increase in yield per unit area. The technical practices related to wheat production in China can provide reference for wheat production in Kazakhstan.