当前农地制度下的困局与农地市场化流转机制改革

当前，家庭联产承包责任制的改革遗留制度以及集体所有制的产权安排，遭遇了新时代变化的适应性困境。表现在：改革红利消失和“三农问题”仍然严峻；政府“低成本”征地与经济社会协调发展的要求相冲突；新型城镇化战略遭遇土地制度短板。这些问题均与现行农地制度下农地配置中单纯行政权力主导而缺乏市场均衡化流转，以及农地产权主体不清导致利益争夺无序有关。加之农村社会保障建设仅处于较低水平状态，也影响了农地主体自由流转农地的行为决策。目前对于相关问题的认识比较明朗，即加快农地市场化流转已经成为各界共识。但要形成农地健康流转的市场机制，必须突破目前产权主体不清和社会保障制度配套不全两大制度障碍，夯实有利于农地流转的制度“硬核”，并形成有利于农地流转的制度“保护带”。

Problems and countermeasures in the reform of rural land system in the new period

Currently， we have faced a plight that the reform of household contract responsibility system and the arrangements of collective ownership of rural land are incompatible with the requirements of the new era. It was showed that the reform bonus disappeared and the problem of agriculture， rural and farmers was still grim. Governments low\|cost land acquisition was in conflict with requirements of coordinated economic and social development. The current rural land systems is a short\|board of the new urbanization strategy. These problems were related to the unreasonable current rural land system that was lack of land circulation mechanism. However， the rural land market has not been established yet, as the property right bodies were not clear in the collective ownership system of rural land and the rural social security system was not perfect. Resolving these dilemmas needs to reconstruct the systems that can hasten rural land circulation in an appropriate way.