黔西南州古茶树立地土壤养分分析

黔西南州地处云贵高原，生长着大量古茶树种质资源。这些古茶树具有进化上原始、抗逆性强，含有特异生化成分及抗逆基因等特性，是重要的茶树遗传资源。为了解黔西南州古茶树土壤养分状况，使其得到有效保护和高效利用对黔西南州古茶树集中分布区土壤的pH值和养分进行分析。结果表明，黔西南州古茶树立地土壤的pH值为400～609，QX|2，QX|3，QX|4，QX|8，QX|10，QX|11，QX|12均在最适合茶树生长范围；各取样点有机质平均值为8270 g·kg-1、全氮405 g·kg-1、全磷233 g·kg-1、碱解氮含量19273 mg·kg-1，在适宜范围内，速效磷2095 mg·kg-1、速效钾15839 mg·kg-1，属于缺乏范围，微量元素含量基本在茶树生长所需范围内。QX|7取样点各营养成分含量较高，在很丰富范围内，其次是QX|6，而QX|8取样点各营养成分含量较低。

Analysis on site soil nutrients of ancient tea trees in the Southwest State of Guizhou Province

Southwest State of Guizhou Province locates in the Yunnan|Guizhou Plateau， where a large number of ancient tea germplasms was found. These tea trees are important tea genetic resources which are originally evolved， with strong resistance and specific biochemical composition. The site soil nutrient of ancient tea trees in the Southwest State of Guizhou Province was analyzed. The results showed that the soil pH value of ancient tea trees was between 400 and 609， the soil pH of QX|2， QX|3， QX|4， QX|8， QX|10， QX|11 and QX|12 was suitable for tea trees growth. Content of organic matter was 8270 g·kg-1， total nitrogen 405 g·kg-1， total phosphorus 233 g·kg-1and available nitrogen 19273 mg·kg-1， which were in appropriate level. The content of active phosphorus was 2095 mg·kg-1 and active potassium was 15839 mg·kg-1， which were insufficient. Microelement content was within a desired range for the growth of tea plants. The nutrient content of QX|7 was higher， which belongs to the very rich range， then followed by QX|6. But the nutrient content of QX|8 was lower.