蟹爪兰的花器结构和繁育系统研究

运用杂交指数、花粉/胚珠比、花粉及柱头活力、坐果率等指标研究蟹爪兰Zygocactus品种丹麦红的花部特征、开花动态及授粉特性等。在人工栽培条件下， 蟹爪兰丹麦红11至12月份开花， 群体花期64 d， 单株花期34～53 d， 单花花期6～8 d。雄蕊短于花柱， 花药与柱头相差105 cm， 在花朵开放的整个过程中雌、雄蕊的相对位置始终不变。开花当天的花粉活力最强，花后3～5 d的柱头具有较强的可授性。杂交指数OCI为4， P/O值为697，结合坐果率结果判断其繁育系统属于异交， 自交不亲和， 需要传粉者。特殊的花部结构和缺少传粉者可能是蟹爪兰结实率较低的原因。

Flower structure and breeding system of Zygocactus trurncata

A field investigation was conducted on the flower structure and breeding system of Zygocactus cv. Danmark red in floral traits， flowering dynamic changes and pollination characters using out\|crossing index， pollen and stigma viability， pollen\|ovule ratio and fruit\|set rate. The main results were as follows: under artificial culture conditions， the population came into bloom from November to December and the population florescence was 64 days. The individual florescence was 34\|53 days， and the florescence of single flower was approximately 6\|8 days. The stamen was close to the lateral side of the petaloid style and 105 cm shorter than the style， and the relative position between the stamen and style was always unchanged in the whole flowering process. The pollen viability of S. truncata was the strongest on the blossom day and the stigma had high stigma acceptability on 3\|5 days after flowering. The out\|crossing index was 4， P/O was about 679， and the breeding system of those species was out\|crossing， self\|incompatibility， insects pollinator\|dependent according to the results of fruit set percentage. The special floral structure and lack of pollinators may be the reasons that those species have a low setting percentage.