不同地膜覆盖对土壤温度及水分的影响

地膜覆盖栽培技术的发展虽然极大地提高了农作物的产量，给农民带来巨大的经济效益，但同时也导致农田土壤污染现象的产生，为此发展可降解地膜势在必行。为了探讨可降解地膜覆盖的田间效应，在大田条件下，通过可降解地膜、液态地膜、普通地膜覆盖及露地栽培玉米对比试验，研究了可降解地膜、液态地膜覆盖对土壤温度和水分的影响。结果表明，可降解地膜覆盖能够明显提高地下5~20 cm的土壤温度，提高地下0~40 cm的土壤水分。可降解地膜覆盖对土壤的保温保水作用与普通地膜相当，以可降解地膜取代普通地膜应用于农业生产具有可行性。液态地膜由于受降雨影响较大，在露地种植的情况下应当慎用。

Effects of Different Film Mulching on Soil Temperature and Moisture

Development of cultivation techniques of plastic film while dramatically improves crop yield, bring huge economic benefits to farmers, but also leads to soil pollution, therefore the development of degradable film is imperative. In order to discuss the effect of degradable film, maize cultivation with different film mulching of degradable film, plastic film and liquid film were done in field conditions compared with open-air maize. Effects of degradable film, liquid film on soil temperature and soil moisture were studied. The results showed that, the degradable film could increase soil temperature in 5-20 cm profile, and soil moisture in 0-40 cm profile. With the same effects of ordinary plastic film, the degradable film could increase soil temperature and keep soil moisture, and replaced the plastic film for agricultural production; however, liquid film was affected by the weather, especially rainfall, so it should be used with caution in the case of open-air cultivation.