长江流域河岸植被缓冲带生态功能及构建技术研究进展

长江流域河岸植被缓冲带是河岸生态系统的重要组成部分,对长江流域污染防治和生态环境建设具有重要影响。综述了河岸植被缓冲带的主要生态功能,分析了长江流域河岸植被缓冲带面临的环境影响因素,阐述了河岸植被缓冲带构建技术,并对未来研究提出展望。河岸植被缓冲带的主要生态功能为缓洪护岸、截污净化和保护生物多样性等。目前,长江流域河岸植被缓冲带面临的主要影响因素为外来物种入侵、大量硬质工程建设和农业、工业发展带来的污染物排放等。长江流域河岸植被缓冲带的构建技术应根据不同河岸带的特点和功能来确定,并加强对河岸植被缓冲带的管理。未来研究应集中于:(1)开展河岸植被缓冲带遮阴效应的过程及机制研究,根据遮阴效应的研究结果,讨论遮阴的利弊问题,以及遮阴效应与缓冲极端气候的联系。(2)开展极端气候条件下生态功能研究,利用模型模拟极端气候条件下(暴雨、干旱等)河岸植被缓冲带的截留减污效应,为植被缓冲带的构建提供参考依据。(3)开展景观和流域尺度研究,结合遥感影像和各气象站点数据,从景观和流域尺度研究自然和人为活动对河岸植被缓冲带生态过程和生态功能的影响,探讨河岸植被缓冲带综合治理和管理模式。(4)建立植被缓冲带综合...

Research progress on ecological function and construction technology of riparian vegetation buffer strips in the Yangtze River Basin

The riparian vegetation buffer strip in the Yangtze River Basin is an important part of the riparian ecosystem and has an important impact on pollution prevention and ecological environment construction in the Yangtze River Basin. The paper summarized the main ecological functions of the riparian vegetation buffer strips, analyzed the environmental impact factors faced by the riparian vegetation buffer strips in the Yangtze River Basin, expounded the construction technology of the riparian vegetation buffer strips, and proposed prospects for future research. The main ecological functions of the riparian vegetation buffer strips were flood mitigation and revetment, sewage interception and purification, and biological diversity protection. At present, the main influencing factors facing the riparian vegetation buffer strips in the Yangtze River Basin were the invasion of alien species, the construction of a large number of hard engineering projects, and pollutant emission caused by agricultural and industrial development. The construction technology of the riparian vegetation buffer strips in the Yangtze River Basin should be determined according to the characteristics and functions of different riparian strips, and the management of the riparian vegetation buffer strips should be strengthened. Future research should focus on the following aspects: (1) Research on the process and mechanism of the shading effect of riparian vegetation buffer strips. Based on the research results of the shading effect, the advantages and disadvantages of shading and the relationship between shading effect and buffering extreme climate are discussed. (2) Ecological function research under extreme climatic conditions. Models are used to simulate the interception and pollution reduction effects of riparian vegetation buffer strips under extreme climatic conditions (rainstorm, drought, etc.), so as to provide a reference for the construction of vegetation buffer strips. (3) Landscape and watershed scale study. With the help of remote sensing images and data from various meteorological stations, the impact of natural and human activities on the ecological processes and ecological functions of the riparian vegetation buffer strips is studied from landscape and watershed scale in order to explore the comprehensive treatment and management model of riparian vegetation buffer strips. (4) Establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the vegetation buffer strips. The structure and ecological function of the riparian vegetation buffer strips are comprehensively evaluated by real-time monitoring of the riparian vegetation buffer strips with the help of digital means, combined with field observation and sample analysis. [Ch, 43 ref.]