基于热岛效应的福州市绿色廊道优化

  目的  绿色廊道的空间分布和结构特征对改善城市热环境具有重要的生态效益，绿色廊道的路径选线直接影响其属性特征，因此，通过优化绿色廊道的景观格局来降低城市的热岛强度是行之有效的生态途径和方法。  方法  选取福建省福州市为研究对象，以缓解热岛效应为目标，基于最小累积阻力模型(minimum cumulative model，MCR)和水文流域模型，对福州市绿色廊道的景观格局进行优化布局。  结果  ①通过形态学空间格局模型(morphological spatial pattern analysis，MSPA)，用提取的30个生态源斑块构建综合生态阻力面，利用MCR模型将其生成福州市绿色廊道，共74条，总长度918.11 km。根据源斑块重要性评价分为4级:一级9条，132.88 km；二级14条，207.48 km；三级14条，153.57 km；四级37条，424.18 km；②通过水文流域模型，将74条绿色廊道与福州市地表温度叠加分析，共提取80个生态“交点”、176个降温生态节点、35处需降温区域。  结论  据此福州市新增14条绿色廊道，其中道路型绿色廊道8条，滨水型绿色廊道6条。优化后的绿色廊道对福州市的热点区域覆盖更全面，对改善城市热岛问题具有更明显的生态调节功能。图2表4参25

Optimization of greenways in Fuzhou based on heat island effect

  Objective  The spatial distribution and structural characteristics of greenway have important ecological benefits for improving urban thermal environment. The route selection of greenway directly affects its attribute characteristics. Therefore, it is an effective ecological way and method to reduce the intensity of urban heat island by optimizing the landscape pattern of the greenway.   Method  Taking Fuzhou City, Fujian Province as the research object, aiming at alleviating the heat island effect, the landscape pattern of Fuzhou greenway was optimized based on the minimum cumulative model(MCR) and hydrological basin model.   Result  (1) Through the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), 30 ecological source patches were extracted to construct a comprehensive ecological resistance surface, and MCR model was used to generate 74 greenways with a total length of 918.11 km in Fuzhou, which, according to the importance evaluation of source patches, was divided into 4 levels: 9 pieces of 1st level totaling 132.88 km, 14 of 2nd level totaling 207.48 km, 14 of 3rd level totaling 153.57 km and 37 of 4th level totaling 424.18 km. (2) Through the hydrological basin model, 74 greenways were superimposed with the surface temperature of Fuzhou, and a total of 80 ecological ‘intersections’, 176 cooling ecological nodes and 35 cooling areas were extracted.   Conclusion  Accordingly, 14 new greenways are added in Fuzhou, including 8 road-based greenways and 6 waterfront greenways. The optimized greenways have a more comprehensive coverage of hot spots and a more obvious ecological regulation function for improving the urban heat island problem. Ch, 2 fig. 4 tab. 25 ref.]