秀珍菇采后病原菌的鉴定及精油防治

【目的】分离鉴定秀珍菇Pleurotus geesteranus采后的主要致病菌，寻找有效防治真菌病害的植物精油抑菌方法，为秀珍菇采后的保鲜技术提供参考。【方法】以秀珍菇采后分离鉴定的主要病原真菌为防治对象，在常见的13种精油中筛选有效精油，分析精油对采后主要病原菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发、菌丝形态结构及其细胞膜脂过氧化和细胞内容物外泄程度的影响，以不使用精油为对照，研究防治作用机制。【结果】秀珍菇采后主要病原真菌为藤仓镰刀菌Fusarium fujiuroi。在13种备选精油中，石菖蒲Acorus tatarinois精油对藤仓镰刀菌具有良好的抑制效果。石菖蒲精油体积分数为1 000μL·L~(^-1)时能够完全抑制藤仓镰刀菌的生长，且在此范围内体积分数越高，抑菌效果越好。石菖蒲精油能够提高藤仓镰刀菌细胞膜的通透性，当体积分数为1 000μL·L^-1的石菖蒲精油处理3 h后，藤仓镰刀菌相对电导率、丙二醛和细胞内容物泄漏量分别为对照组的2、5和3倍。扫描电镜和透射电镜观察结果表明：石菖蒲精油能改变藤仓镰刀菌菌丝形态并破坏其细胞结构。【结论】石菖蒲精油...

Identification of postharvest pathogenic bacteria and the bacteriostasis of plant essential oil for Pleurotus geesteranus

  Objective  This study, with the main pathogens of Pleurotus geesteranus after harvest isolated and identified, is aimed to investigate the antibacterial activities of plant essential oil that effectively prevent and control fungal diseases so as to provide reference for the development of preservation technology of P. geesteranus after harvest.   Method  With major pathogenic fungi isolated and identified from P. geesteranus as the research objects of prevention and control, the most effective essential oils were screened out from 13 kinds of common essential oils before an analysis was conducted of their effects on the mycelial growth, conidia germination, mycelial morphology and structure, membrane lipid peroxidation and leakage of cell contents of the main postharvest pathogens in order to study the mechanism of prevention and treatment. The control group was treated without essential oil.   Result  Among the 13 alternative essential oils, Acorus tatarinowii essential oil had a good inhibitory effect on Fusarium fujiuroi and the growth of F. fujikuroi could be completely inhibited by 1 000 μL·L?1 A. tatarinowii essential oil with the concentration of essential oil positively correlated with the antifungal effect. After the treatment with 1 000 μL·L?1 essential oil for 3 h, the relative conductivity, MDA and cell contents in the cultured liquid of F. fujikuroi were 2 times, 5 times and 3 times of those in the control group, respectively. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the essential oil of A. tatarinowii could change F. fujikuroi mycelium morphology and destroy its cell structure.   Conclusion  A. tatarinowii essential oil could accelerate the membrane lipid peroxidation of mycelia cells, increase the permeability of cell membrane, destroy the normal physiological function of cells and cause cell death, thereby inhibiting the growth and reproduction of F. fujikuroi. [Ch, 9 fig. 26 ref.]