雅鲁藏布河谷上游及青藏高原西南坡蚂蚁物种的分布格局

  目的  揭示雅鲁藏布河谷上游和青藏高原西南坡蚂蚁种类及其分布规律，为青藏高原腹地生物多样性保护积累科学数据。  方法  采用样地调查法研究了雅鲁藏布河谷上游及青藏高原西南坡蚂蚁物种的分布格局。采用采获频次分析法对比研究蚂蚁物种的栖息环境、垂直分布、觅食和筑巢场所等分布格局特征。  结果  共采获蚂蚁2亚科8属19种，其中雅鲁藏布河谷上游2亚科8属13种，青藏高原西南坡2亚科8属15种。研究区域蚂蚁以耐寒种类为主，缺乏耐热物种。物种丰富度与乔木郁闭度和灌木盖度呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01)，与地被物厚度和海拔高度呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01)，与草本盖度和地被物盖度相关性不显著。蚂蚁对栖息生境的选择不尽相同，地表是主要的觅食场所，大部分蚂蚁以石下和土壤内作为筑巢场所。  结论  蚂蚁物种的分布主要受海拔和生境状况影响。食物资源、环境稳定性和热量获取是影响蚂蚁选择生境、觅食和筑巢场所的主要因素。表6参26

Distribution patterns of ant species from Upper Yarlung Zangbo Valley and southwest slope of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  Objective  This study is aimed to reveal the categorization of ant species and their distribution patterns in the Upper Yarlung Zangbo Valley and southwest slope of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and accumulate scientific data for biodiversity conservation of hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.   Method   With the employment of the sample-plot method, an investigation is conducted of the distribution patterns of ant species in the two locations mentioned above. The distribution charaters including habitats, foraging and nesting sites of ant species are compared with the method of collecting frequency analysis.   Result  A total of 19 species belonging to 2 subfamilies and 8 genera of Formicidae were recognized, of which 13 species belonging to 2 subfamilies and 8 genera were from Upper Yarlung Zangbo Valley whereas 15 species belonging to 2 subfamilies and 8 genera were from southwest slope of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. These two areas are abundant in cold-tolerant species but short of heat-tolerant ones. The species richness of ants was extremely significantly positively correlated with canopy density and shrub coverage (P＜0.01), and extremely significantly negatively correlated with litter thickness and altitude (P＜0.01), but had insignificant correlation with herbal and ground coverage. Different ant species had different preferences in habitats, but most individuals foraged on the ground and nested under stone or in soil.   Conclusion  The distribution of ant species was mainly affected by altitude and habitat conditions whereas their choice of habitats, sites of foraging and nesting was mainly affected by food resources, environmental stability and the quantity of heat. [Ch, 6 tab. 26 ref.]