高格斯台罕乌拉自然保护区不同阔叶林中大型真菌多样性

  目的  以高格斯台罕乌拉自然保护区为研究区域，调查保护区白桦Betula platyphylla林(Ⅰ)、蒙古栎Quercus mongolica林(Ⅱ)、白桦-蒙椴Tilia mongolica混交林(Ⅲ)、白桦-蒙古栎-山杨Populus davidiana-黑桦B. platyphylla混交林(Ⅳ)、山杨 -蒙古栎-黑桦混交林(Ⅴ)5种阔叶林中大型真菌资源分布状况及其与植被的关系，为日后保护区大型真菌保育工作提供依据。  方法  通过随机踏查和样地法采集大型真菌，结合形态学和分子学对采集标本进行鉴定，分析大型真菌种群分布、多样性、群落相似性及大型真菌与植物的关系。  结果  保护区大型真菌共有213种，隶属于2门4纲19目54科119属；优势属为红菇属Russula、蘑菇属Agaricus、香蘑属Lepista等共8属；植被类型Ⅳ的丰富度指数、多样性指数及均匀度指数在5种植被类型中为最高；乔木层、灌木层及草本层Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和乔木层、草本层Simpson多样性指数对大型真菌各项指数影响较大；植被总盖度、草本盖度、郁闭度及海拔对大型真菌优势属显著相关；类型Ⅱ与类型Ⅳ之间大型真菌相似性最高，为0.27，类型Ⅲ与类型Ⅳ之间和类型Ⅰ与类型Ⅱ之间的相似性最低，均为0.14；从种聚类上来看，在距离系数25处，分为两大类，在距离系数为14处，可分为3个小聚群。  结论  植物在多样性、相似性等方面均不同程度地影响林内大型真菌分布，且植物类型越相似，大型真菌组成越相似。图2表7参28

Diversity of macrofungi in different broad-leaved forests in Gaogestai Hanwula Nature Reserve

  Objective  This study, taking Gogestai Hanwula Nature Reserve as the research area, is aimed to investigate the distribution of macrofungi and its relationship with the local vegetation in five broad-leaved forests so as to provide plausible reference for the conservation of macrofungi in the future.   Method  First, macrofungi were collected from Betula platyphylla (Type Ⅰ), Quercus mongolica (Type Ⅱ), B. platyphylla-Tilia mongolica (Type Ⅲ), B. platyphylla-T. mongolica and B. platyphylla-Q. mongolica-Populus davidiana-B. dahurica (Type Ⅳ), and P. davidiana-Q. mongolica-B. dahurica (Type Ⅴ) in the nature reserve with the employment of random sampling and sample plot method. Then the collected specimens were identified from the perspectives of morphology and molecular chemistry before an analysis was conducted of the species distribution, diversity, community similarity and macrofungi-plant relationships.   Result  (1) There were 213 species of macrofungi in the reserve, which can be categorized into 2 phyla, 4 classes, 19 orders, 54 families, 119 genera. (2) There were a total of 8 dominant genera including Russula, Agaricus and Lepista. (3) Of the five vegetation types, Type Ⅳ wuranked the first in richness, diversity and evenness. (4) The diversity index and evenness index of tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer and the diversity index of tree layer and herb layer had significant influence on the indices of macrofungi. (5) The total vegetation coverage, herbage coverage, canopy closure and altitude were significantly correlated with the dominant genera of macrofungi. (6) The similarity between Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅳ was the highest (0.27) whereas the one between Type Ⅲ and Type Ⅳ and the one between Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ were the lowest (both being 0.14). (7) In terms of species clustering, with the distance coefficient being 25, they could be divided into two groups, while with the distance coefficient being 14, they could be divided into three clusters.   Conclusion  The diversity and similarity of plants affected the distribution of macrofungi to varying degrees, and the more similar the plant type was, the more similar the composition of macrofungi was. Ch, 2 fig. 7 tab. 28 ref.]