福建沿海试养中间球海胆的初步研究

为探索中间球海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)在福建沿海季节性养殖的可行性,于2018年11月开展了新品种中间球海胆"大金"南移福州海域养殖试验。试养海胆分为大(壳径3 cm)和小(壳径1 cm)两种规格。采用当地现有的鲍养殖海域和设施,定期投喂海带(Laminaria japonica)和龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)。经过6个月的养殖,福州养殖的大规格海胆壳径达(55.90±2.63)mm,体质量(56.30±6.92)g,性腺指数15.02%±1.5%,海胆生殖腺发育处于成熟前期(Ⅲ期),性腺质量良好,且显著高于大连同期养殖的大规格海胆壳径(46.56±3.88)mm和体质量(39.07±5.05)g(P<0.05)。同时,福州养殖的小规格海胆壳径达(40.97±0.87)mm,体质量(23.18±0.37)g,性腺指数9.64%±1.00%。试养结果表明,冬春季中间球海胆可在福建沿海开展季节性养殖,采用现有海上设施和养殖笼,投喂鲜活大型藻类,海胆的生长速度显著优于同期大连养殖。中间球海胆福建沿海南移养殖是满足其日益增长的市场需求的重要途径。

Aquaculture of Strongylocentrotus intermedius in Fujian coastal areas

In order to explore the feasibility of Strongylocentrotus intermedius of seasonal breeding in Fujian coastal areas,we moved a new breed of S.intermedius‘Dajin’southward to Fuzhou sea area in November 2018.The tested S.intermedius was divided into two types:large-size(3 cm test diameter)and small-size(1 cm test diameter).Using the existing abalone breeding facilities,we regularly fed Laminaria japonica and Gracilaria lemaneiformis.After six months of breeding,the test diameter of large-size S.intermedius bred in Fuzhou had reached(55.90±2.63)mm,while the body mass had reached(56.30±6.92)g and the gonadal index reached(15.02±1.5)%.The gonadal development entered the stage of premature(Stage III)with good quality,which was significantly greater than the test diameter(46.56±3.88)mm and body mass(39.07±5.05)g for S.intermedius bred in Dalian in the same period(P<0.05).Besides,the test diameter of small-size S.intermedius in Fuzhou had reached(40.97±0.87)mm,while the body mass had reached(23.18±0.37)g and the gonadal index had reached(9.64±1.00)%.Thus,it is suggested that seasonally breeding S.intermedius in the coastal areas of Fujian Province in winter and spring is feasible.Feeding with local fresh algae on basis of existing facilities and abalone cages leads to higer growth rate of S.intermedius than those bred in Dalian in the same period.The important way to meet the increasing market demand of S.intermedius is to move the breeding southward along Fujian coast.