小流域数字地面模型(DTM)的建立及其在水土保持遥感动态监测中的应用

以陕北安塞纸坊沟流域为研究区，采用航测精密立体测法建立了全流域1975年和1987年两期20m×20m格网数字高程模型和6条5m×5m断面的数字高程模型，利用Foxpro数据库系统建立了相应的DTM数据库，基于DPP测绘软件包和ARC/INFO、APSIS地理信息系统软件平台，分别绘制了多幅两期全流域和三条典型小沟的监测专题图件。通过对产生的图件和DTM数据进行定量和定性分析，对沟谷的扩张、下切及溯源侵蚀进行了较精确的动态监测。初步建立了地面三维数据采集→DTM数据库→监测专题图件→动态监测先进而又实用的科研技术系统，为较高精度和信息化小流域动态监测，提供了比较理想的技术方法和工作基础。

Establishment of Digital Terrain Model on Small Watershed and Application in Dynamic Monitoring of Remote Sensing on Soil and Water Conservation

The author collected the digital terrain data of 20× 20m of the whole watershed and5 × 5m grid cells of six sections of l975 and 1987 by means of aerophotogrametrial survey andstereocartography and established DTM database with the FOXPRO system on the study areaof ZhiFanggou watershed, Ansai, north Shaanxi province. With the Dpp graph software package and the GIS software platform of ARC/INFO and APSIS, we plotted some monitoringthemetic maps. With the qualitative analysis on the maps and qualitative analysis DTM data oftwo decades, it has given a more accurate dynamic mornitoring on gully expanding, cutting,and headwater erosion. We has established an advanced and practical scientific research technology system which from data collection, DTM database, monitoring themetic maps to dynamic monitoring. The system supplied an idea technology method and work basis for dynamicmonitoring on small watershed in higher accuracy.