孕穗期施氮对小麦胚乳发育的影响

为了从胚乳发育角度研究施氮对小麦品质的影响,以扬麦9号为材料,利用扫描和透射电子显微镜等研究了孕穗期施氮对小麦胚乳细胞游离核分裂周期、细胞数目的增殖、细胞体积的扩大、糊粉层结构及淀粉体和蛋白质体发育的影响.结果表明:(1)胚乳细胞增殖呈"S"型曲线变化,增施孕穗氮肥有利于增加胚乳细胞数目,提高粒重;(2)孕穗期施氮能显著缩短胚乳游离核的分裂周期,促进细胞长和宽的扩大.花后18 d小麦胚乳细胞分裂基本停止,其数目不再增加,以后主要进行细胞体积的扩大;(3)孕穗期施氮可使胚乳糊粉层细胞质变浓,细胞壁增厚,染色性增强;(4)孕穗期施氮可促进胚乳细胞中大淀粉体的形成,有利于大淀粉体和蛋白质体数目增多,蛋白质被染色更浓;(5)孕穗期施氮可减少最终籽粒小淀粉体的数目,提高淀粉体和蛋白质体的充实程度.

Effect of Nitrogen at Booting Stage on the Endosperm Development in Wheat

To clarify the adjustment of nitrogen on the wheat quality,Yangmai 9 was chosen to study the effect of nitrogen at booting on division cycle of endosperm free nucleus,proliferation of endosperm cells,volume of endosperm cells,the structure of endosperm aleuronic layer and the development of amyloplast and protein body by the technologies of the scanning,transmission electric microscope and so on.The main results were as follows:(1) The number change of endosperm cells was like a "S" curve,nitrogen at bootin...