磷肥施用深度对夏玉米产量和养分吸收的影响

【目的】探明磷肥施用深度对夏玉米产量和养分吸收的影响。【方法】采用桶栽和大田试验相结合的方法,研究不同磷肥施用深度(5cm、15cm、5/15cm)对夏玉米产量及氮、磷、钾吸收和分配的影响。【结果】不同磷肥施用深度处理的玉米籽粒产量和植株养分吸收量由高到低依次为T15T5/15T5CK,其中,施用磷肥可以使夏玉米籽粒产量增加8.5%—20.0%;磷肥集中深施比浅施和分层施籽粒产量增加5.9%—10.6%,植株氮、磷、钾吸收量分别增加6.9%—14.7%、7.5%—17.1%、5.0%—13.4%,氮、磷、钾转移率分别降低10.4%—17.3%、8.4%—12.9%、12.9%—19.6%,磷素农学效率和表观利用率分别提高55.8%—88.0%和40.4%—181.4%。【结论】夏玉米施用磷肥增产效果显著,磷肥集中深施效果优于分层施,分层施效果优于浅施,且以磷肥集中深施在15cm土层时效果最好。

Effects of Phosphorus Placement Depth on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Summer Maize

【Objective】 The effects of phosphorus placement depth on grain yield and nutrient uptake of summer maize were studied. 【Method】 Pot experiments and a field experiment were carried out to determine the effects of different phosphorus placement depths (T5: 5 cm, T15: 15 cm, and T5/15: 5/15 cm) on grain yield and nutrient uptake absorption and distribution of summer maize. 【Result】The grain yield and total nutrient uptake decreased in the order of T15＞T5/15＞T5＞CK (i.e. the control treatment receiving no phosphorus). Application of phosphorus increased grain yield by 8.5%-20.0% when compared with the no phosphorus control treatment. The grain yield in the treatment of T15 was 5.9%-10.6% higher than that in treatments T5 and T5/15, the N, P and K uptake in treatment T15 was 6.9%-14.7%, 7.5%-17.1%, and 5.0%-13.4% higher than those in treatments T5 and T5/15, respectively, whereas the N, P, and K transferring rate in treatment T15 was 10.4%-17.3%, 8.4%-12.9%, and 12.9%-19.6% lower than the other two phosphorus placement treatments, respectively. The P agronomic efficiency (PAE) and P apparent utilization efficiency (PAUE) in treatment T15 were 55.8%-88.0% and 40.4%-181.4% higher than the other two phosphorus placement treatments, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Consequently, phosphorus application significantly increased the yield of summer maize. Placing all phosphorus at one deep depth resulted in better crop performance compared with splitting phosphorus at two shallow depths. Deeper placement of phosphorus is better than shallower phosphorus placement. The best phosphorus effects can be produced in maize production when all phosphorus is placed at the soil depth of 15 cm.